python之定制类

# !/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

'根据自己的需求定制特殊的类'

__author__ = 'zhaohe'

class Fib2(object):
	"""docstring for Fib2"""
	def __init__(self, name):
		self.name = name
		self['k1'] = '2k'
		self['k2'] = '3k'
		del self['k2']
		self.a, self.b = 0, 1

	def __str__(self): # __str__ 与 __repr__使类的打印更漂亮
		return 'Fib object (name: %s)' % self.name
	__repr__ = __str__

	def __iter__(self): # __iter__ 返回一个可迭代对象
		return self # 实例本身就是迭代对象，故返回自己

	def __next__(self): # 不断调用可迭代对象（由 __iter__ 返回）
		self.a, self.b = self.b, self.a + self.b
		if self.a > 1000000:
			raise StopIteration()
		return self.a

	# 访问不存在的属性时会调用 __getitem__
	def __getitem__(self, item): # 可实现列表打印、切片
		if isinstance(item, int):
			m, n = 1, 1
			for x in range(item):
				m, n = n, m + n
			return m
		if isinstance(item, slice):
			start = item.start
			stop = item.stop
			if start == None:
				start = 0
			a, b = 1, 1
			L = []
			for x in range(stop):
				if x >= start:
					L.append(a)
				a, b = b, a + b
			return L

	# 每当属性被赋值时会调用 __setitem__
	def __setitem__(self, key, value):
		print('__setitem__:Set %s Value %s' % (key, value))
		self.__dict__[key] = value

	# 删除属性时调用 __delitem__
	def __delitem__(self, key):
		print('__delitem__: Delete attribute %s' % key)
		del self.__dict__[key]
		print(self.__dict__)

	# 调用不存在的属性时会调用 __getattr__
	def __getattr__(self, attr):
		if attr == 'score':
			return 99
		if attr == 'age':
			return lambda: 25
		# 如果任意调用 如 f.qq 都会返回 None，
		# 这是因为 __getattr 的默认返回值是 None
		# 为响应不存在的属性，需要抛出属性错误
		raise AttributeError('\'Student\' has no atribute \'%s\' ' % attr)

	# 利用 __call__ 可直接对 实例和类 本身进行调用
	def __call__(self):
		print('My name is %s' % self.name)
		print('My name is %s' % self)
# for i in Fib2('zhaohe'):
# 	print(i)
f = Fib2('zhaohe')
f()
print(f)
# print(f[226])
# print(f[10:15])
# print(f.name)
# print(f.score)
# print(f.qq)
print('Fib2 is callable?', callable(Fib2))