在JavaScript中查找字符串中最长单词的三种方法

本文基于Free Code Camp基本算法脚本“查找字符串中最长的单词”。

在此算法中，我们要查看每个单词并计算每个单词中有多少个字母。然后，比较计数以确定哪个单词的字符最多，并返回最长单词的长度。

在本文中，我将解释三种方法。首先使用FOR循环，其次使用sort（）方法，第三次使用reduce（）方法。

算法挑战

• 返回提供的句子中最长单词的长度。
• 您的回复应该是一个数字。

提供的测试用例

• findLongestWord(“The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog”)返回一个数字
• findLongestWord(“The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog”)返回6
• findLongestWord(“May the force be with you”)返回5
• findLongestWord(“Google do a barrel roll”)返回6
• findLongestWord(“What is the average airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow”)返回8
• findLongestWord(“What if we try a super-long word such as otorhinolaryngology”)返回19

function findLongestWord(str) {
  return str.length;
}
findLongestWord("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog");

1.使用FOR循环查找最长的单词

对于此解决方案，我们将使用String.prototype.split（）方法

• split()的方法通过分离串分成子串分割字符串对象到字符串数组。

我们将需要在split（）方法的括号之间添加一个空格

var strSplit = “The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog”.split(‘ ‘);

它将输出一个由单词组成的数组：

var strSplit = [“The”, “quick”, “brown”, “fox”, “jumped”, “over”, “the”, “lazy”, “dog”];

如果不在括号中添加空格，则将得到以下输出：

var strSplit = 
[“T”, “h”, “e”, “ “, “q”, “u”, “i”, “c”, “k”, “ “, “b”, “r”, “o”, “w”, “n”, “ “, “f”, “o”, “x”, “ “, “j”, “u”, “m”, “p”, “e”, “d”, “ “, “o”, “v”, “e”, “r”, “ “, “t”, “h”, “e”, “ “, “l”, “a”, “z”, “y”, “ “, “d”, “o”, “g”];

function findLongestWord(str) {
  // Step 1. Split the string into an array of strings
  var strSplit = str.split(' ');
  // var strSplit = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog".split(' ');
  // var strSplit = ["The", "quick", "brown", "fox", "jumped", "over", "the", "lazy", "dog"];
  
  // Step 2. Initiate a variable that will hold the length of the longest word
  var longestWord = 0;

  // Step 3. Create the FOR loop
  for(var i = 0; i < strSplit.length; i++){
    if(strSplit[i].length > longestWord){ // If strSplit[i].length is greater than the word it is compared with...
  longestWord = strSplit[i].length; // ...then longestWord takes this new value
     }
  }
  /* Here strSplit.length = 9
     For each iteration: i = ?   i < strSplit.length?   i++  if(strSplit[i].length > longestWord)?   longestWord = strSplit[i].length
     1st iteration:        0             yes             1   if("The".length > 0)? => if(3 > 0)?     longestWord = 3
     2nd iteration:        1             yes             2   if("quick".length > 3)? => if(5 > 3)?   longestWord = 5   
     3rd iteration:        2             yes             3   if("brown".length > 5)? => if(5 > 5)?   longestWord = 5   
     4th iteration:        3             yes             4   if("fox".length > 5)? => if(3 > 5)?     longestWord = 5  
     5th iteration:        4             yes             5   if("jumped".length > 5)? => if(6 > 5)?  longestWord = 6 
     6th iteration:        5             yes             6   if("over".length > 6)? => if(4 > 6)?    longestWord = 6 
     7th iteration:        6             yes             7   if("the".length > 6)? => if(3 > 6)?     longestWord = 6
     8th iteration:        7             yes             8   if("lazy".length > 6)? => if(4 > 6)?    longestWord = 6 
     9th iteration:        8             yes             9   if("dog".length > 6)? => if(3 > 6)?     longestWord = 6 
     10th iteration:       9             no               
     End of the FOR Loop*/

  //Step 4. Return the longest word
  return longestWord; // 6
}

findLongestWord("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog");

没有注释：

function findLongestWord(str) {
  var strSplit = str.split(' ');
  var longestWord = 0;
  for(var i = 0; i < strSplit.length; i++){
    if(strSplit[i].length > longestWord){
  longestWord = strSplit[i].length;
     }
  }
  return longestWord;
}
findLongestWord("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog");

2.使用sort（）方法找到最长的单词

对于此解决方案，我们将使用Array.prototype.sort（）方法按照某种排序标准对数组进行排序，然后返回此数组的第一个元素的长度。

• sort()的方法进行排序的阵列的代替元素并返回数组。

就我们而言，如果我们只是对数组排序

var sortArray = [“The”, “quick”, “brown”, “fox”, “jumped”, “over”, “the”, “lazy”, “dog”].sort();

我们将得到以下输出：

var sortArray = [“The”, “brown”, “dog”, “fox”, “jumped”, “lazy”, “over”, “quick”, “the”];

在Unicode中，数字在大写字母之前，而在小写字母之前。

我们需要按照某种排序标准对元素进行排序

[].sort(function(firstElement, secondElement) {     return secondElement.length — firstElement.length; })

比较第二个元素的长度和数组中第一个元素的长度。

function findLongestWord(str) {
  // Step 1. Split the string into an array of strings
  var strSplit = str.split(' ');
  // var strSplit = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog".split(' ');
  // var strSplit = ["The", "quick", "brown", "fox", "jumped", "over", "the", "lazy", "dog"];
  
  // Step 2. Sort the elements in the array
  var longestWord = strSplit.sort(function(a, b) { 
    return b.length - a.length;
  });
  /* Sorting process
    a           b            b.length     a.length     var longestWord
  "The"      "quick"            5            3         ["quick", "The"]
  "quick"    "brown"            5            5         ["quick", "brown", "The"]  
  "brown"    "fox"              3            5         ["quick", "brown", "The", "fox"]
  "fox"      "jumped"           6            3         ["jumped", quick", "brown", "The", "fox"]
  "jumped"   "over"             4            6         ["jumped", quick", "brown", "over", "The", "fox"]
  "over"     "the"              3            4         ["jumped", quick", "brown", "over", "The", "fox", "the"]
  "the"      "lazy"             4            3         ["jumped", quick", "brown", "over", "lazy", "The", "fox", "the"]
  "lazy"     "dog"              3            4         ["jumped", quick", "brown", "over", "lazy", "The", "fox", "the", "dog"]
  */
  
  // Step 3. Return the length of the first element of the array
  return longestWord[0].length; // var longestWord = ["jumped", "quick", "brown", "over", "lazy", "The", "fox", "the", "dog"];
                                // longestWord[0]="jumped" => jumped".length => 6
}

findLongestWord("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog");

没有注释：

function findLongestWord(str) {
  var longestWord = str.split(' ').sort(function(a, b) { return b.length - a.length; });
  return longestWord[0].length;
}
findLongestWord("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog");

3.使用reduce（）方法找到最长的单词

对于此解决方案，我们将使用Array.prototype.reduce（）。

• reduce()的方法应用于对一个储液器的功能和所述阵列的每一值（从左到右），以将其降低到一个值。

reduce（）对数组中存在的每个元素执行一次回调函数。

您可以提供一个初始值作为要减少的第二个参数，这里我们将添加一个空字符串“”。

[].reduce(function(previousValue, currentValue) {...}, “”);

function findLongestWord(str) {
  // Step 1. Split the string into an array of strings
  var strSplit = str.split(' ');
  // var strSplit = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog".split(' ');
  // var strSplit = ["The", "quick", "brown", "fox", "jumped", "over", "the", "lazy", "dog"];

  // Step 2. Use the reduce method
  var longestWord = strSplit.reduce(function(longest, currentWord) {
    if(currentWord.length > longest.length)
       return currentWord;
    else
       return longest;
  }, "");
  
  /* Reduce process
  currentWord      longest       currentWord.length     longest.length    if(currentWord.length > longest.length)?   var longestWord
  "The"             ""                  3                     0                              yes                          "The"
  "quick"           "The"               5                     3                              yes                         "quick"
  "brown"           "quick"             5                     5                              no                          "quick"
  "fox"             "quick"             3                     5                              no                          "quick"
  "jumped"          "quick"             6                     5                              yes                         "jumped"
  "over"            "jumped"            4                     6                              no                          "jumped"
  "the"             "jumped"            3                     6                              no                          "jumped"
  "lazy"            "jumped"            4                     6                              no                          "jumped"
  "dog"             "jumped"            3                     6                              no                          "jumped"
  */
  
  // Step 3. Return the length of the longestWord
  return longestWord.length; // var longestWord = "jumped" 
                             // longestWord.length => "jumped".length => 6
}

findLongestWord("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog");

没有注释：

function findLongestWord(str) {
  var longestWord = str.split(' ').reduce(function(longest, currentWord) {
    return currentWord.length > longest.length ? currentWord : longest;
  }, "");
  return longestWord.length;
}
findLongestWord("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog");

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文章：Sonya Moisset
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