【分布式服务】RPC 简介

分布式服务 RPC 简介

一、简述

1. wiki 介绍

• remote procedure call
  • procedure [prəˈsiːdʒə®] 过程
  • subroutine [ˈsʌbruːtiːn] 子程序
• 核心：像调用本地方法一样调用远程方法

In distributed computing, a remote procedure call (RPC) is when a computer program causes a procedure (subroutine) to execute in a different address space (commonly on another computer on a shared network), which is coded as if it were a normal (local) procedure call, without the programmer explicitly coding the details for the remote interaction

2. 核心流程

Clinet Method                  Server Method  
     ↓                              ↑
Clinet Stub                    Server Stub
     ↓                              ↑
Serialization    - Network →   Deserialization

-- request ----------------------------------
------------------------------------ reply --

Deserialization  ← Network -   Serialization
     ↓                              ↑
Clinet Stub                    Server Stub
     ↓                              ↑
Clinet Method                  Server Method  

二、原理

1. RPC 设计实现

• 核心：实体定义、接口定义

• IDL

  • 接口定义语言 Interface Difinition Language
  • JNI、JSON-WSP、WADL、WSDL
  • Protocol Buffers、RESTful Service Description Language (RSDL)

2. 序列化

• 编程语言内置
• 二进制
  • Hession
  • Avro
  • Kryo
  • FST (fast-serialization)
• 通用
  • XML
  • JSON

3. 网络协议

• http/https
• tcp/udp

三、框架/工具

1. gRPC
2. Thrift
3. Protocol Buffer
4. Dubbo
5. Finagle
6. Spring Cloud