SpringSpringMVC



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SPRING

Spring是一个开源的轻量级Java SE（Java 标准版本）/Java EE（Java 企业版本）开发应用框架，其目的是用于简化企业级应用程序开发。

IOC 反转控制

谁控制谁，控制什么，为何是反转？

IoC 容器控制了对象,消费者直接通过IOC容器获得对象，不需要new； 因为由容器帮我们查找及注入依赖对象，对象只是被动的接受依赖对象，所以是反转。

IOC容器的工作内容：【创建和查找依赖对象】初始化类A-->检查A是否有依赖的对象，如果有将依赖的对象B注入到A...，IOC容器管理这些对象的生命周期

Spring容器初始化、装配及管理的对象我们通常叫它Bean，常用容器如下：

• ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
• ApplicationContext

Spring项目获得bean对象方式

        String configLocation = "classpath:spring-bean.xml";
        ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(configLocation);
        XxxBean xxxBean= ctx.getBean(beanName,XxxBean.class);

Spring Web 项目手动获得bean对象方法

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;

public class SpringContextUtil implements ApplicationContextAware {

    private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext)
            throws BeansException {
         SpringContextUtil.applicationContext = applicationContext;
    }
    /**
     * @return applicationContext
     */
    public static ApplicationContext getApplicationContext(){
        return applicationContext;
    }

    /**
     * @param name
     * @return bean
     */
    public static Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException{
        return applicationContext.getBean(name);
    }

}

DI 依赖注入

DI 和 IOC 是同一个概念的不同角度的描述 IOC描述的是设计思想。
DI主要描述是对象间的关系。 被注入的对象依赖于依赖对象。DI依赖IOC

AOP

• 切入点（Pointcut）
• 通知（Advice）
• 方面/切面（Aspect）

<bean id="hello" class="com.mguas.aop.HelloAOP"/>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.mguas..*.*(..))"/>
    <aop:aspect ref="hello">
        <aop:before pointcut-ref="pointcut" method="beforeAdvice"/>
        <aop:after pointcut-ref="pointcut" method="afterFinallyAdvice"/>
    </aop:aspect>
</aop:config>

动态代理

SPRING MVC

基本原理

前端控制器（DispatcherServlet）
请求到处理器映射（HandlerMapping）
处理器适配器（HandlerAdapter）
视图解析器（ViewResolver）
处理器或页面控制器（Controller）

SPRING MVC 实现原理：http请求-->DispatcherServlet 拦截并将请求转向spring mvc -->HandlerMapping 找到并保存请求和处理函数之间的关系-->DispatcherServlet-->HandlerAdapter调用处理函数-->Controller处理处理-->DispatcherServlet-->ViewResolver视图解析

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/root-context.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>    
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>springEncoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>
            org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
        </filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>springEncoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/appServlet/servlet-context.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

load-on-startup：表示启动容器时初始化该Servlet
url-pattern：表示哪些请求交给Spring Web MVC处理
    常见拦截方式：
    *.do、 *.htm、 *.json 
    /（会导致静态文件无法访问，可以解决） 
    /*（会导致访问jsp时再次拦截，导致无法正常访问jsp，纯纯的数据库接口可以这么写。不建议）
init-param param-value:指定SPRING MVC 配置文件位置，多个逗号隔开
context-param param-value：上下文配置文件
listener：上下文监听

servlet-context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- DispatcherServlet Context: defines this servlet's request-processing infrastructure -->

    <!-- Enables the Spring MVC @Controller programming model -->
    <annotation-driven />

    <!-- Handles HTTP GET requests for /resources/** by efficiently serving up static resources in the ${webappRoot}/resources directory -->
    <resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" />

    <!-- Resolves views selected for rendering by @Controllers to .jsp resources in the /WEB-INF/views directory -->
    <beans:bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <beans:property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/" />
        <beans:property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </beans:bean>

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.magus.lottery.controller">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
    </context:component-scan>

</beans:beans>

 <annotation-driven /> 支持注解
 <resources .../> 静态文件，不被前置拦截器拦截
 InternalResourceViewResolver 视图实现
      prefix 前缀
      suffix 后缀
 context:component-scan 自动扫描包   

spring-bean.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    default-autowire="byName">
        <context:component-scan base-package="com"></context:component-scan>
        <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />

    <bean id="dataSource"
         class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
         destroy-method="close">
         <property name="driverClass" value="${driverClass}" />
         <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbcUrl}" />
         <property name="user" value="${user}" />
         <property name="password" value="${password}" />
         <property name="acquireIncrement" value="10" />
         <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="5" />
         <property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="50" />
         <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="60000" />
         <property name="initialPoolSize" value="5" />
         <property name="maxPoolSize" value="15" />
         <property name="maxStatementsPerConnection" value="1000"/>
     </bean>

    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>       
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.SpringSessionContext</prop>
                <!-- 
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
                 -->
            </props>
        </property>

        <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.magus.lottery.entity"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="transactionManager"  
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">  
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
    </bean>  


    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> 
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy expose-proxy="true"/>
</beans>

spring mvc 常见注解

@Controller  声明控制器 处理器
@Service    声明Service组件 
@Repository 声明Dao组件
@Component   声明组件
@RequestMapping("/menu")  请求映射
@Resource(name="beanName")  注入对象
@Autowired 注入对象
@Transactional 声明事务，用于service层
@ResponseBody  声明响应结果为数据，不进行view渲染
@Scope("prototype")   设定bean的作用域，prototype、singleton、request、session