Servlet中的RequestDispatcher 两个方法详解

 

译自https://www.javatpoint.com/requestdispatcher-in-servlet

请求调度器 接口 提供调度request到另一个资源（servlet/jsp/html）的功能。
The RequestDispatcher interface provides the facility of dispatching the request to another resource it may be html, servlet or jsp.

该接口也可以用incloude方法包含另一个资源（servlet/jsp/html）的内容。它是servlet协作的一种方式。
This interface can also be used to include the content of another resource also. It is one of the way of servlet collaboration.

在RequestDispatcher接口中定义了两种方法： forward和include

forward

public void forward(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response)throws ServletException,java.io.IOException:
Forwards a request from a servlet to another resource (servlet, JSP file, or HTML file) on the server.

如下图所示，servlet2的response发送给客户端。2而servlet1的response不会显示给用户。

forward() method of RequestDispatcher interface

ServletRequest接口的getRequestDispatcher（）方法返回RequestDispatcher的对象。句法：

public RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String resource);  

例子

RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/sessionLoginDemo/login.jsp");//得到转发器

requestDispatcher.forward(request, response);//转发（调度）请求给/sessionLoginDemo/login.jsp 并由login.jsp发送response给客户端。

include

public void include(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response)throws ServletException,java.io.IOException:
Includes the content of a resource (servlet, JSP page, or HTML file) in the response.

如下图所示，servlet2的response包含在（正在发送给客户端的）servlet1的response包中。

include() method of RequestDispatcher interface

例子

Example of RequestDispatcher interface
In this example, we are validating the password entered by the user. If password is servlet, it will forward the request to the WelcomeServlet, otherwise will show an error message: sorry username or password error!. In this program, we are cheking for hardcoded information. But you can check it to the database also that we will see in the development chapter. In this example, we have created following files:

index.html file: for getting input from the user.
Login.java file: a servlet class for processing the response. If password is servet, it will forward the request to the welcome servlet.
WelcomeServlet.java file: a servlet class for displaying the welcome message.
web.xml file: a deployment descriptor file that contains the information about the servlet.

 

RequestDispatcher interface

index.html

 

<form action="servlet1" method="post">
Name:<input type="text" name="userName"/>

Password:<input type="password" name="userPass"/>

<input type="submit" value="login"/>
</form>

Login.java

import java.io.*;  
import javax.servlet.*;  
import javax.servlet.http.*;  
  
  
public class Login extends HttpServlet {  
  
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  
        throws ServletException, IOException {  
  
    response.setContentType("text/html");  
    PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();  
          
    String n=request.getParameter("userName");  
    String p=request.getParameter("userPass");  
          
    if(p.equals("servlet"){  
        RequestDispatcher rd=request.getRequestDispatcher("servlet2");  
        rd.forward(request, response);  
    }  
    else{  
        out.print("Sorry UserName or Password Error!");  
        RequestDispatcher rd=request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html");  
        rd.include(request, response);  
                      
        }  
    }  
  
}  

WelcomeServlet.java

import java.io.*;  
import javax.servlet.*;  
import javax.servlet.http.*;  
  
public class WelcomeServlet extends HttpServlet {  
  
    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  
        throws ServletException, IOException {  
  
    response.setContentType("text/html");  
    PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();  
          
    String n=request.getParameter("userName");  
    out.print("Welcome "+n);  
    }  
  
}

web.xml

<web-app>  
 <servlet>  
    <servlet-name>Login</servlet-name>  
    <servlet-class>Login</servlet-class>  
  </servlet>  
  <servlet>  
    <servlet-name>WelcomeServlet</servlet-name>  
    <servlet-class>WelcomeServlet</servlet-class>  
  </servlet>  
  
  
  <servlet-mapping>  
    <servlet-name>Login</servlet-name>  
    <url-pattern>/servlet1</url-pattern>  
  </servlet-mapping>  
  <servlet-mapping>  
    <servlet-name>WelcomeServlet</servlet-name>  
    <url-pattern>/servlet2</url-pattern>  
  </servlet-mapping>  
  
  <welcome-file-list>  
   <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>  
  </welcome-file-list>  
</web-app>  

download this example

download this example (developed in Myeclipse IDE)

download this example (developed in eclipse IDE)

download this example (developed in netbeans IDE)

Program of RequestDispatcher interface

 

Example of RequestDispatcher interface

 

Program of RequestDispatcher

Example of RequestDispatcher

作者：极客圈
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/35d9e05d5989
來源：简书
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。

 

 

 

request.getRequestDispatcher().forward(request.response)是转发

将提交这个请求的页面的信息带过去传给被转发页面；
request 和response是servlet内置的8个对象之二
当你要跳转页面但是你又要用到前一个页面的某些信息的时候可以用这个方法
当你要跳转页面并且不需要用到前一个页面的信息时你可以选择用redirect（重定向）