Lumen开发：lumen源码解读之初始化(6)——运行(run)

namespace Laravel\Lumen\Concerns;
RoutesRequests

	// 运行应用程序并发送响应
    public function run($request = null)
    {
        $response = $this->dispatch($request);

        if ($response instanceof SymfonyResponse) {
            $response->send();
        } else {
            echo (string) $response;
        }

        if (count($this->middleware) > 0) {
            $this->callTerminableMiddleware($response);
        }
    }

	// 发送传入的请求
    public function dispatch($request = null)
    {
        list($method, $pathInfo) = $this->parseIncomingRequest($request);

        try {
            return $this->sendThroughPipeline($this->middleware, function () use ($method, $pathInfo) {
                if (isset($this->routes[$method.$pathInfo])) {
                    return $this->handleFoundRoute([true, $this->routes[$method.$pathInfo]['action'], []]);
                }

                return $this->handleDispatcherResponse(
                    $this->createDispatcher()->dispatch($method, $pathInfo)
                );
            });
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            return $this->prepareResponse($this->sendExceptionToHandler($e));
        } catch (Throwable $e) {
            return $this->prepareResponse($this->sendExceptionToHandler($e));
        }
    }


	// 解析传入的请求并返回方法和路径信息
    protected function parseIncomingRequest($request)
    {
        if (! $request) {
            $request = Request::capture();
        }

        $this->instance(Request::class, $this->prepareRequest($request));

        return [$request->getMethod(), $request->getPathInfo()];
    }

	// 从服务器变量创建一个新的Illuminate HTTP请求
    public static function capture()
    {
        static::enableHttpMethodParameterOverride();

        return static::createFromBase(SymfonyRequest::createFromGlobals());
    }


	// 使用来自PHP的超级全局的值创建一个新请求
    public static function createFromGlobals()
    {
        // With the php's bug #66606, the php's built-in web server
        // stores the Content-Type and Content-Length header values in
        // HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE and HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH fields.
        $server = $_SERVER;
        if ('cli-server' === PHP_SAPI) {
            if (array_key_exists('HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH', $_SERVER)) {
                $server['CONTENT_LENGTH'] = $_SERVER['HTTP_CONTENT_LENGTH'];
            }
            if (array_key_exists('HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE', $_SERVER)) {
                $server['CONTENT_TYPE'] = $_SERVER['HTTP_CONTENT_TYPE'];
            }
        }

        $request = self::createRequestFromFactory($_GET, $_POST, array(), $_COOKIE, $_FILES, $server);

        if (0 === strpos($request->headers->get('CONTENT_TYPE'), 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
            && in_array(strtoupper($request->server->get('REQUEST_METHOD', 'GET')), array('PUT', 'DELETE', 'PATCH'))
        ) {
            parse_str($request->getContent(), $data);
            $request->request = new ParameterBag($data);
        }

        return $request;
    }


    private static function createRequestFromFactory(array $query = array(), array $request = array(), array $attributes = array(), array $cookies = array(), array $files = array(), array $server = array(), $content = null)
    {
        if (self::$requestFactory) {
            $request = call_user_func(self::$requestFactory, $query, $request, $attributes, $cookies, $files, $server, $content);

            if (!$request instanceof self) {
                throw new \LogicException('The Request factory must return an instance of Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request.');
            }

            return $request;
        }

        return new static($query, $request, $attributes, $cookies, $files, $server, $content);
    }



	// 准备与应用程序一起使用的给定请求实例
    protected function prepareRequest(SymfonyRequest $request)
    {
        if (! $request instanceof Request) {
            $request = Request::createFromBase($request);
        }

        $request->setUserResolver(function ($guard = null) {
            return $this->make('auth')->guard($guard)->user();
        })->setRouteResolver(function () {
            return $this->currentRoute;
        });

        return $request;
    }




	// 通过具有给定回调的管道发送请求
    protected function sendThroughPipeline(array $middleware, Closure $then)
    {
        if (count($middleware) > 0 && ! $this->shouldSkipMiddleware()) {
            return (new Pipeline($this))
                ->send($this->make('request'))
                ->through($middleware)
                ->then($then);
        }

        return $then();
    }

	// 确定在请求期间是否应跳过中间件
    protected function shouldSkipMiddleware()
    {
        return $this->bound('middleware.disable') && $this->make('middleware.disable') === true;
    }

	// 准备发送响应
    public function prepareResponse($response)
    {
        if ($response instanceof PsrResponseInterface) {
            $response = (new HttpFoundationFactory)->createResponse($response);
        } elseif (! $response instanceof SymfonyResponse) {
            $response = new Response($response);
        } elseif ($response instanceof BinaryFileResponse) {
            $response = $response->prepare(Request::capture());
        }

        return $response;
    }



	// 调用可终止的中间件
    protected function callTerminableMiddleware($response)
    {
        if ($this->shouldSkipMiddleware()) {
            return;
        }

        $response = $this->prepareResponse($response);

        foreach ($this->middleware as $middleware) {
            if (! is_string($middleware)) {
                continue;
            }

            $instance = $this->make(explode(':', $middleware)[0]);

            if (method_exists($instance, 'terminate')) {
                $instance->terminate($this->make('request'), $response);
            }
        }
    }

use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response as SymfonyResponse;
SymfonyResponse 对应下面的类型
namespace Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation;
class Response


	// 发送HTTP头和内容
    public function send()
    {
        $this->sendHeaders();
        $this->sendContent();

        if (function_exists('fastcgi_finish_request')) {
            fastcgi_finish_request();
        } elseif ('cli' !== PHP_SAPI) {
            static::closeOutputBuffers(0, true);
        }

        return $this;
    }

     //发送http头
    public function sendHeaders()
    {
        // headers have already been sent by the developer
        if (headers_sent()) {
            return $this;
        }

        /* RFC2616 - 14.18 says all Responses need to have a Date */
        if (!$this->headers->has('Date')) {
            $this->setDate(\DateTime::createFromFormat('U', time()));
        }

        // headers
        foreach ($this->headers->allPreserveCase() as $name => $values) {
            foreach ($values as $value) {
                header($name.': '.$value, false, $this->statusCode);
            }
        }

        // status
        header(sprintf('HTTP/%s %s %s', $this->version, $this->statusCode, $this->statusText), true, $this->statusCode);

        // cookies
        foreach ($this->headers->getCookies() as $cookie) {
            if ($cookie->isRaw()) {
                setrawcookie($cookie->getName(), $cookie->getValue(), $cookie->getExpiresTime(), $cookie->getPath(), $cookie->getDomain(), $cookie->isSecure(), $cookie->isHttpOnly());
            } else {
                setcookie($cookie->getName(), $cookie->getValue(), $cookie->getExpiresTime(), $cookie->getPath(), $cookie->getDomain(), $cookie->isSecure(), $cookie->isHttpOnly());
            }
        }

        return $this;
    }


	// 发送当前网络响应的内容
    public function sendContent()
    {
        echo $this->content;

        return $this;
    }

	// 将输出缓冲区清理或刷新到目标级别
	// 如果遇到不可移除的缓冲区，结果级别可以大于目标级别
    public static function closeOutputBuffers($targetLevel, $flush)
    {
        $status = ob_get_status(true);
        $level = count($status);
        // PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_* are not defined on HHVM 3.3
        $flags = defined('PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_REMOVABLE') ? PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_REMOVABLE | ($flush ? PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_FLUSHABLE : PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_CLEANABLE) : -1;

        while ($level-- > $targetLevel && ($s = $status[$level]) && (!isset($s['del']) ? !isset($s['flags']) || $flags === ($s['flags'] & $flags) : $s['del'])) {
            if ($flush) {
                ob_end_flush();
            } else {
                ob_end_clean();
            }
        }
    }


	// 返回具有原始的头
    public function allPreserveCase()
    {
        return array_combine($this->headerNames, $this->headers);
    }

 	// 设置日期标头
    public function setDate(\DateTime $date)
    {
        $date->setTimezone(new \DateTimeZone('UTC'));
        $this->headers->set('Date', $date->format('D, d M Y H:i:s').' GMT');

        return $this;
    }