JAVA 线程的生命周期

JAVA线程的五种状态，新建（New），就绪（Runnable），运行（Running），阻塞（Blocked），死亡（Dead）

新建（New）

New会为其分配内存，初始化成员变量。

就绪（Runnable）

当调用start后，线程进入就绪状态。JVM会为其创建函数调度栈和计数器。但是此时线程依然没有执行，等待获取CPU的执行片。

运行和阻塞状态

当线程获取到CPU的执行片的时候，进入了运行状态，可能因为以下原因进入阻塞状态，

CPU的执行片已经用完，JVM切换到其他线程执行，

线程调用Sleep，当Sleep结束后计入就绪状态，

线程调用阻塞IO方法，线程会一直阻塞，当阻塞IO返回的时候，进入就绪状态，

等待同步锁，当获取到同步锁的时候进入就绪状态，

线程在等待某个通知，当获取到某个通知，

线程调用了suspend挂起，当调用resume会进入就绪状态。

死亡

线程结束后，就处于死亡状态。线程会以以下三种方式结束，

1、正常执行完成

2、线程抛出一个未捕获的Exception或者Error

3、线程直接调用Stop方法（容易造成死锁）

子线程一旦调用和主线程的地位是一样的，主线程一旦结束，子线程不会跟着借宿。

线程对象的isAlive()方法在就绪，运行和阻塞时候返回true，在新建和死亡是返回false。

对于死亡的线程调用start()是无效的，会抛出异常。已经死亡的线程不可再次作为线程执行。

对于新建的线程调用两次start()也会抛出异常。

附：

JAVA源码的ThreadState的枚举

    /**
     * A thread state.  A thread can be in one of the following states:
     * <ul>
     * <li>{@link #NEW}<br>
     *     A thread that has not yet started is in this state.
     *     </li>
     * <li>{@link #RUNNABLE}<br>
     *     A thread executing in the Java virtual machine is in this state.
     *     </li>
     * <li>{@link #BLOCKED}<br>
     *     A thread that is blocked waiting for a monitor lock
     *     is in this state.
     *     </li>
     * <li>{@link #WAITING}<br>
     *     A thread that is waiting indefinitely for another thread to
     *     perform a particular action is in this state.
     *     </li>
     * <li>{@link #TIMED_WAITING}<br>
     *     A thread that is waiting for another thread to perform an action
     *     for up to a specified waiting time is in this state.
     *     </li>
     * <li>{@link #TERMINATED}<br>
     *     A thread that has exited is in this state.
     *     </li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>
     * A thread can be in only one state at a given point in time.
     * These states are virtual machine states which do not reflect
     * any operating system thread states.
     *
     * @since   1.5
     * @see #getState
     */
    public enum State {
        /**
         * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
         */
        NEW,

        /**
         * Thread state for a runnable thread.  A thread in the runnable
         * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
         * be waiting for other resources from the operating system
         * such as processor.
         */
        RUNNABLE,

        /**
         * Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
         * A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
         * to enter a synchronized block/method or
         * reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
         * {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
         */
        BLOCKED,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread.
         * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
         * following methods:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
         * </ul>
         *
         * <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
         * perform a particular action.
         *
         * For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
         * on an object is waiting for another thread to call
         * <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
         * that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
         * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
         */
        WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
         * A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
         * the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
         * </ul>
         */
        TIMED_WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a terminated thread.
         * The thread has completed execution.
         */
        TERMINATED;
    }