镜像就是安装好的操作系统的一个磁盘文件。在创建新虚拟机时,如果有模板镜像,可以省去安装操作系统的时间,且便于分发。
制作并测试REHL7镜像
测试,在vm01虚拟机的中制作FTP镜像文件,既用户使用FTP镜像文件,就可以直接使用FTP服务了,匿名用户可以从pub目录下载,也可以上传文件至upload目录。
在vm01虚拟机中安装FTP服务器软件vsftpd软件包。
首先,在vm01上进行配置,确保防火墙,SElinux关闭。
配置好软件仓库。
安装FTP服务,启动FTP服务(此处之前已经安装和启动好了)
设置FTP的上传目录upload,保证FTP的匿名用户能够上传文件到此目录。
设置匿名用户上传权限。设置匿名用户上传,创建目录和其他写的权限。
在宿主机中测试vsfptd服务器,是否能够上传和下载。
在宿主机中安装ftp软件包,才能够使用ftp命令。
[root@localhost ~]# ftp 192.168.100.239
bash: ftp: command not found...
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y ftp
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-
: manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
RHEL7 | 4.1 kB 00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ftp.x86_64 0:0.17-67.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
ftp x86_64 0.17-67.el7 RHEL7 61 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 61 k
Installed size: 96 k
Downloading packages:
ftp-0.17-67.el7.x86_64.rpm | 61 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : ftp-0.17-67.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : ftp-0.17-67.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
ftp.x86_64 0:0.17-67.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# ftp 192.168.100.239
Connected to 192.168.100.239 (192.168.100.239).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
Name (192.168.100.239:root): ftp
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> cd upload
250 Directory successfully changed.
ftp> put anaconda-ks.cfg
local: anaconda-ks.cfg remote: anaconda-ks.cfg
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,100,239,228,119).
150 Ok to send data.
226 Transfer complete.
2189 bytes sent in 0.00361 secs (607.04 Kbytes/sec)
ftp> bye
221 Goodbye.
修改虚拟机vm01的IP地址获取方法(DHCP),保证作为镜像后,启动系统后IP地址不会重复。
在宿主机上安装工具virt-sysprep所提供的软件包libguestsfs-tools。
virt-sysprep可以初始化操作系统,让其镜像会有新的MAC地址,SSH密钥等。对REHL7宿主机进行封装,为制作REHL7镜像做好准备。
[root@localhost ~]# yum install libguestfs-tools -y
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-
: manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libguestfs-tools.noarch 1:1.32.7-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libguestfs = 1:1.32.7-3.el7 for package: 1:libguestfs-tools-1.32.7-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: libguestfs-tools-c = 1:1.32.7-3.el7 for package: 1:libguestfs-tools-1.32.7-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Win::Hivex) >= 1.2.7 for package: 1:libguestfs-tools-1.32.7-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Locale::TextDomain) for package: 1:libguestfs-tools-1.32.7-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Sys::Guestfs) for package: 1:libguestfs-tools-1.32.7-3.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Sys::Virt) for package: 1:libguestfs-tools-1.32.7-3.el7