js的几种继承方式

前提call与apply

apply与call都能劫持另外一个对象的方法，继承另外一个对象的属性
apply(obj,[]) call(obj,params)
obj:这个obj对象将替换function中的this对象
apply另外一个参数为数组，call另外一个参数为参数列表，下面就是使用例子

 function Person(name,age)  
{  
    this.name=name;  
    this.age=age;  
}  

function Student(name,age,grade)  
{  
    //Person.apply(this,[name,age,grade]);  
    Person.call(this,name,age,grade);
    this.grade=grade;  
}  
//创建一个学生类  
var student=new Student("zhangsan",21,"一年级");  
//测试  
console.log("name:"+student.name+"\n"+"age:"+student.age+"\n"+"grade:"+student.grade);   

第一种方式 prototype

基本思想：利用原型让一个引用类型继承另外一个引用类型的属性和方法。
构造函数，原型，实例之间的关系：每个构造函数都有一个原型对象，原型对象包含一个指向构造函数的指针，而实例都包含一个指向原型对象的内部指针。

//父类  
function person(){  
    this.hair = 'black';  
    this.eye = 'black';  
    this.skin = 'yellow';  
    this.view = function(){  
        return this.hair + ',' + this.eye + ',' + this.skin;  
    }  
}  

//子类  
function man(){  
    this.feature = ['beard','strong'];  
}  

man.prototype = new person();  
var one = new man();  

console.log(one.feature); //['beard','strong']  
console.log(one.hair); //black  
console.log(one.eye); //black  
console.log(one.skin); //yellow  
console.log(one.view()); //black,black,yellow  

第二种方式 apply

基本思想：在子类型构造函数的内部调用超类构造函数，通过使用call()和apply()方法可以在新创建的对象上执行构造函数。

//父类  
function person(){  
    this.hair = 'black';  
    this.eye = 'black';  
    this.skin = 'yellow';  
    this.view = function(){  
        return this.hair + ',' + this.eye + ',' + this.skin;  
    }  
}  

//子类  
function man(){  
    // person.apply(this,new Array());  
    person.apply(this,[]);  
    this.feature = ['beard','strong'];  
}  

var one = new man();  

console.log(one.feature); //['beard','strong']  
console.log(one.hair); //black  
console.log(one.eye); //black  
console.log(one.skin); //yellow  
console.log(one.view()); //black,black,yellow  

第三种方式 call + prototype

基本思想：将原型链和借用构造函数的技术组合在一块，从而发挥两者之长的一种继承模式。

//父类  
function person(){  
    this.hair = 'black';  
    this.eye = 'black';  
    this.skin = 'yellow';  
    this.view = function(){  
        return this.hair + ',' + this.eye + ',' + this.skin;  
    }  
}  

//子类  
function man(){  
    // person.apply(this,new Array());  
    person.call(this,[]);  
    this.feature = ['beard','strong'];  
}  

man.prototype = new person();  
var one = new man();  

console.log(one.feature); //['beard','strong']  
console.log(one.hair); //black  
console.log(one.eye); //black  
console.log(one.skin); //yellow  
console.log(one.view()); //black,black,yellow