python的文件管理
语法:
file=open("文件路径",“r/w/a/b") #打开文件
txt=file.read() #读文件
print(txt) #输出文本信息
file.close() #关闭文件
txt=file.write("输入的文本信息") #写文件
例子1:
f1=open("d:/1.txt","r")
txt=f1.read()
print(txt)
f1.close()
结果:
C:\Users\linan\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/linan/PycharmProjects/untitled/文件读取.py
读取文件
例子2:
f=open("d:/2.txt","w")
txt=f.write("这是我要写入的文件")
f.close()
结果:
C:\Users\linan\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/linan/PycharmProjects/untitled/文件读取.py
这是我要写入的文件
Process finished with exit code 0
例子3:
f=open("d:/2.txt","a")
txt=f.write("这是追加的文本信息\n")
f.close()
结果:
这是我要写入的文件这是追加的文本信息
Process finished with exit code 0
·常用函数
read() 读取文件信息
f=open("d:/1.txt","r")
t1=f.read(3)
print(t1)
f.close()
C:\Users\linan\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/linan/PycharmProjects/untitled/文件读取.py
第一行
Process finished with exit code 0
readline() 读取整行信息
f=open("d:/1.txt","r")
t1=f.readline()
print(t1)
f.close()
C:\Users\linan\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/linan/PycharmProjects/untitled/文件读取.py
第一行
Process finished with exit code 0
readlines() 读取所有行并返回一个list
f=open("d:/1.txt","r")
t1=f.readlines()
print(t1)
f.close()
C:\Users\linan\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/linan/PycharmProjects/untitled/文件读取.py
['第一行\n', '第二行\n', '第三行\n', '第四行\n', '第五行']
Process finished with exit code 0
write() 写入字符类数据
f=open("d:/1.txt","w")
t1=f.write("写入的串信息")
f.close()
o=open("d:/1.txt","r")
t2=o.readlines()
print(t2)
o.close()
C:\Users\linan\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/linan/PycharmProjects/untitled/文件读取.py
['写入的串信息']
Process finished with exit code 0
writelines() 写入字符串列表数据
f=open("d:/1.txt","w")
t1=f.writelines("写入的第一行串信息\n写入的第二行串信息")
f.close()
o=open("d:/1.txt","r")
t2=o.readlines()
print(t2)
o.close()
C:\Users\linan\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/linan/PycharmProjects/untitled/文件读取.py
写入的第一行串信息
写入的第二行串信息
Process finished with exit code
name 获取文件的名字
f=open("d:/1.txt","r")
print(f.name)
f.close()
C:\Users\linan\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/linan/PycharmProjects/untitled/文件读取.py
d:/1.txt
Process finished with exit code 0
closed 返回一个bool类型结果,查看是否文件关闭
f=open("d:/1.txt","r")
print(f.closed)
C:\Users\linan\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/linan/PycharmProjects/untitled/文件读取.py
False
Process finished with exit code
tell() 返回文件当前位置
f=open("d:/1.txt","r")
t1=f.read()
c=f.tell()
print(c)
C:\Users\linan\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/linan/PycharmProjects/untitled/文件读取.py
18
Process finished with exit code
truncate() 截取字符串
fileno 文件描述符(不太常用)
seek() 移动文本光标位置(不太常用)
·with的用法
用途:效果等同于写close()关闭文件的,with可以省略close()代码。
语法:
with open("路径",“权限”) as [对象]:
例子:
with open("d:/1.txt","r") as f:
print(f.read())
C:\Users\linan\PycharmProjects\untitled\venv\Scripts\python.exe C:/Users/linan/PycharmProjects/untitled/文件读取.py
哈哈
Process finished with exit code 0
·codecs的用法
语法:
import codecs #导入模块
f=codecs.open("文件路径","权限") #调用