SpringBoot-自动配置

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

从@SpringBootApplication 来看

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
        @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication { 

1. @SpringBootConfiguration：等同与@Configuration，既标注该类是Spring的一个配置类
2. @EnableAutoConfiguration：SpringBoot自动配置功能开启

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

Spring的底层注解@Import，给容器中导入一个组件；导入的组件由AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class；将主配置类（@SpringBootApplication标注的类）的所在包及下面所有子包里面的所有组件扫描到Spring容器；

从properties中获取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class类（类名）对应的值，然后把他们添加在容器中

public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
        ... ... ...
        List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata,
                                                                   attributes);
        configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
        Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
        checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
        configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
        configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
        fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
        return StringUtils.toStringArray(configurations);
}

其中，SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames 方法的作用就是从META-INF/spring.factories文件中读取指定类对应的类名称列表

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\

每一个这样的 xxxAutoConfiguration类都是容器中的一个组件，都加入到容器中；用他们来做自动配置；

xxxxProperties

所有在配置文件中能配置的属性都是在xxxxProperties类中封装者

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http.encoding") 
public class HttpEncodingProperties {
   public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

 HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration（举例）

@AutoConfiguration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = ConditionalOnWebApplication.Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "server.servlet.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration {

   private final Encoding properties;

   public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(ServerProperties properties) {
      this.properties = properties.getServlet().getEncoding();
   }

   @Bean
   @ConditionalOnMissingBean
   public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() {
      CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter();
      filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name());
      filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Encoding.Type.REQUEST));
      filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Encoding.Type.RESPONSE));
      return filter;
   }

@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class) 

启动指定类的ConfigurationProperties功能；将配置文件中对应的值和ServerProperties绑定起来；并把ServerProperties加入到ioc容器中

@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = ConditionalOnWebApplication.Type.SERVLET) 

判断当前应用是否是web应用，如果是，当前配置类生效

 总结

1）、SpringBoot启动会加载大量的自动配置类

2）、我们看我们需要的功能有没有SpringBoot默认写好的自动配置类；

3）、我们再来看这个自动配置类中到底配置了哪些组件；（只要我们要用的组件有，我们就不需要再来配置了）

4）、给容器中自动配置类添加组件的时候，会从properties类中获取某些属性。我们就可以在配置文件中指定这些属性的值；

xxxxAutoConfigurartion：自动配置类；

xxxxProperties:封装配置文件中相关属性；