Anaconda教程

环境：ubuntu 16.04

1.安装

1. 下载页面。
2. 下面将把Anaconda安装在/home/<yourname>/software/anaconda2目录下，而默认安装位置是/home/<yourname>/anaconda2。安装：bash AnacondaX-XXX.sh。点击Enter键查看许可证、输入yes同意协议、输入安装位置(可选)：

Do you accept the license terms? [yes|no]
[no] >>> yes

Anaconda2 will now be installed into this location:
/home/<yourname>/anaconda2

  - Press ENTER to confirm the location
  - Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
  - Or specify a different location below

[/home/<yourname>/anaconda2] >>> /home/<yourname>/software/anaconda2
PREFIX=/home/<yourname>/software/anaconda2
Unpacking payload ...
Extracting : ...
...


Preparing transaction: done
Executing transaction: \ WARNING conda.core.envs_manager:register_env(46): Unable to register environment. Path not writable or missing.
  environment location: /home/omen/software/anaconda3
  registry file: /home/omen/.conda/environments.txt
done
installation finished.
Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3
by running conda init? [yes|no]
[no] >>> yes
no change     /home/omen/software/anaconda3/condabin/conda
no change     /home/omen/software/anaconda3/bin/conda
no change     /home/omen/software/anaconda3/bin/conda-env
no change     /home/omen/software/anaconda3/bin/activate
no change     /home/omen/software/anaconda3/bin/deactivate
no change     /home/omen/software/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
no change     /home/omen/software/anaconda3/etc/fish/conf.d/conda.fish
no change     /home/omen/software/anaconda3/shell/condabin/Conda.psm1
no change     /home/omen/software/anaconda3/shell/condabin/conda-hook.ps1
no change     /home/omen/software/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/xontrib/conda.xsh
no change     /home/omen/software/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.csh
modified      /home/omen/.bashrc

==> For changes to take effect, close and re-open your current shell. <==

If you'd prefer that conda's base environment not be activated on startup, 
   set the auto_activate_base parameter to false: 

conda config --set auto_activate_base false

Thank you for installing Anaconda3!

===========================================================================

Anaconda and JetBrains are working together to bring you Anaconda-powered
environments tightly integrated in the PyCharm IDE.

PyCharm for Anaconda is available at:
https://www.anaconda.com/pycharm

会在/home/<yourname>/.bashrc文件中追加：

# added by Anaconda2 2018.12 installer
# >>> conda init >>>
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
__conda_setup="$(CONDA_REPORT_ERRORS=false '/home/<yourname>/software/anaconda2/bin/conda' shell.bash hook 2> /dev/null)"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    \eval "$__conda_setup"
else
    if [ -f "/home/<yourname>/software/anaconda2/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
        . "/home/<yourname>/software/anaconda2/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
        CONDA_CHANGEPS1=false conda activate base
    else
        \export PATH="/home/<yourname>/software/anaconda2/bin:$PATH"
    fi
fi
unset __conda_setup
# <<< conda init <<<

这时/home/<yourname>/software/anaconda2/env是空的。

2.创建环境

创建python版本为2.7、名称为tf15(想在这个环境内安装tensorflow1.5)的环境：conda create -n tf15 python=2.7,-n也可以是-name。提示：

conda create -n tf15 python=2.7

## Package Plan ##

  environment location: /home/<yourname>/software/anaconda2/envs/tf15

  added / updated specs: 
    - python=2.7


The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:

    ca-certificates: 2018.03.07-0
    ...
Proceed ([y]/n)? y

Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
#     $ conda activate tf15
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
#     $ conda deactivate

会在/home/<yourname>/software/anaconda2/envs下产生一个名为tf15的文件夹。

3.激活/关闭环境

如上面提示的那样，使用命令：conda activate tf15可激活tf15，使用conda deactivate可以关闭激活的环境。

4.查看所有虚拟环境

命令：conda env list。输出：

# conda environments:
#
base                  *  /home/<yourname>/software/anaconda2
tf15                     /home/<yourname>/software/anaconda2/envs/tf15

5.删除环境

命令：conda remove -n tf15 --all。这会删除/home/<yourname>/software/anaconda2/envs下名为tf15的文件夹。

6.查找/安装/删除包

pip可以安装一些conda无法安装的包；conda也可以安装一些pip无法安装的包。因此当使用一种命令无法安装包时，可以尝试用另一种命令。pip和conda的用法一样。注意使用pip还是pip3！

精确查找：
conda search --full-name <package_full_name>
模糊查找：
conda search <text>

在当前环境安装包：
conda install tensorflow-gpu==1.2.1
conda install cython

卸载包
conda remove tensorflow-gpu==1.2.1
conda remove --name tf121_27 tensorflow-gpu==1.2.1

8.获取当前环境中已安装的包信息

conda list

9.更改环境名称

#克隆环境
conda create --name secondEnv --clone firstEnv
#删除环境
conda remove --name firstEnv --all

10.终端总是显示(base)

conda config --set auto_activate_base False

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