CountDownLatch的使用

countDownLatch的概念

CountDownLatch是一个同步工具类，用来协调多个线程之间的同步，或者说起到线程之间的通信（而不是用作互斥的作用）。

CountDownLatch能够使一个线程在等待另外一些线程完成各自工作之后，再继续执行。使用一个计数器进行实现。计数器初始值为线程的数量。当每一个线程完成自己任务后，计数器的值就会减一。当计数器的值为0时，表示所有的线程都已经完成了任务，然后在CountDownLatch上等待的线程就可以恢复执行任务。

 

CountDownLatch的用法
CountDownLatch典型用法1：某一线程在开始运行前等待n个线程执行完毕。将CountDownLatch的计数器初始化为n new CountDownLatch(n) ，每当一个任务线程执行完毕，就将计数器减1 countdownlatch.countDown()，当计数器的值变为0时，在CountDownLatch上 await() 的线程就会被唤醒。一个典型应用场景就是启动一个服务时，主线程需要等待多个组件加载完毕，之后再继续执行。

/**
 * 
 */
package demo;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

/**
 * @author liuchaojun
 * @date 2018-12-13 下午05:35:38
 */
public class CountDownTouchTest {
	private int i;
	private static int size = 5;
	private CountDownLatch ccc = new CountDownLatch(size);// 计数6次

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		CountDownTouchTest c = new CountDownTouchTest();
		ExecutorService t = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
			t.execute(new Task1(c));
			t.execute(new Task2(c));
		}
		try {
			c.ccc.await();
			Thread.sleep(10);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		c.end();

	}

	public void end() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":所有线程执行完毕!");
	}

	public void add() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + (++i));
		ccc.countDown();
	}

	public void remove() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + (--i));
		ccc.countDown();
	}

}

class Task1 implements Runnable {

	private CountDownTouchTest countDownTouchTest;

	public Task1(CountDownTouchTest countDownTouchTest) {
		super();
		this.countDownTouchTest = countDownTouchTest;

	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * 
	 * @see java.lang.Runnable#run()
	 */
	@Override
	public void run() {
		countDownTouchTest.add();
	}

}

class Task2 implements Runnable {
	private CountDownTouchTest countDownTouchTest;

	public Task2(CountDownTouchTest countDownTouchTest) {
		super();
		this.countDownTouchTest = countDownTouchTest;

	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * 
	 * @see java.lang.Runnable#run()
	 */
	@Override
	public void run() {
		countDownTouchTest.remove();
	}

}

CountDownLatch典型用法2：实现多个线程开始执行任务的最大并行性。注意是并行性，不是并发，强调的是多个线程在某一时刻同时开始执行。类似于赛跑，将多个线程放到起点，等待发令枪响，然后同时开跑。做法是初始化一个共享的CountDownLatch(1)，将其计数器初始化为1，多个线程在开始执行任务前首先 coundownlatch.await()，当主线程调用 countDown() 时，计数器变为0，多个线程同时被唤醒。

/**
 * 
 */
package demo;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

/**
 * @author liuchaojun
 * @date 2018-12-13 下午05:35:38
 */
public class CountDownTouchTest2 {
	private int i;
	private CountDownLatch ccc = new CountDownLatch(1);// 计数6次

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		CountDownTouchTest2 c = new CountDownTouchTest2();
		ExecutorService t = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
		t.execute(new Task3(c));
		t.execute(new Task4(c));

		t.execute(new Task3(c));
		t.execute(new Task4(c));

		t.execute(new Task3(c));
		t.execute(new Task4(c));

		System.out.println("全部开始执行....");
		c.ccc.countDown();

	}

	public void end() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":所有线程执行完毕!");
	}

	public void add() {
		try {
			ccc.await();
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + (++i));
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	public void remove() {
		try {
			ccc.await();
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ":" + (--i));
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

class Task4 implements Runnable {

	private CountDownTouchTest2 countDownTouchTest;

	public Task4(CountDownTouchTest2 countDownTouchTest) {
		super();
		this.countDownTouchTest = countDownTouchTest;

	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * 
	 * @see java.lang.Runnable#run()
	 */
	@Override
	public void run() {
		countDownTouchTest.add();
	}

}

class Task3 implements Runnable {
	private CountDownTouchTest2 countDownTouchTest;

	public Task3(CountDownTouchTest2 countDownTouchTest) {
		super();
		this.countDownTouchTest = countDownTouchTest;

	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * 
	 * @see java.lang.Runnable#run()
	 */
	@Override
	public void run() {
		countDownTouchTest.remove();
	}

}

CountDownLatch的不足
CountDownLatch是一次性的，计数器的值只能在构造方法中初始化一次，之后没有任何机制再次对其设置值，当CountDownLatch使用完毕后，它不能再次被使用。