iOS 接口定义时候常用的关键字

• 泛型 用于约束数据的类型

NSDictionary<NSString *, MyModel *> *dic = nil;

• __kindof 同样可以用于约束数据的类型

// - 如果没有 kindof 需要进行强转
@property (nonatomic,readonly,copy) NSArray< UIView *> *subviews;
- (nullable UIView *)viewWithTag:(NSInteger)tag;
UIButton *button = (UIButton *)[self.view viewWithTag:1000];

// - 有 kindof 写法 不需要强转
@property (nonatomic,readonly,copy) NSArray<__kindof UIView *> *subviews;
 - (nullable __kindof UIView *)viewWithTag:(NSInteger)tag;
UIButton *button = [self.view viewWithTag:1000];

• const 声明变量不可修改

- (instancetype)dictionaryWithObjects:(const ObjectType [])objects forKeys:(const KeyType [])keys count:(NSUInteger)cnt;

• NS_NOESCAPE 用于修饰 block.表示block返回之前调用，该修饰符可以让编译器做很多优化，比如剔除对 self 的捕获、持有、释放等。

 - (void)enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(KeyType key, ObjectType obj, BOOL *stop))block;
 - (void)enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:(void (NS_NOESCAPE ^)(ObjectType obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop))block API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.6), ios(4.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0));
 - (void)runBlock:(NS_NOESCAPE dispatch_block_t)block {
    block();
}

• NS_REQUIRES_NIL_TERMINATION 要求最后一个值为 nil。

 - (instancetype)initWithObjectsAndKeys:(id)firstObject, ... NS_REQUIRES_NIL_TERMINATION;
NSDictionary *dic = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"1", @"1", nil];
// - 使用
 - (void)testParameters:(id)first, ... {
    if (!first) return;
    
    va_list list;
    va_start(list, first);
    
    // 遍历，va_arg 读取对象，并将指针指向下一个对象
    for (id obj = first; obj; obj = va_arg(list, id)) {
        NSLog(@"%@", obj);
    }
    va_end(list);
}

• NS_REQUIRES_SUPER 要求当前方法必须调用 super。如果在子类中未调用 super，则编译警告。

- (void)updateConstraints NS_REQUIRES_SUPER;

• NS_ENUM 枚举

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger,SearchState) {
    SearchStateNotSearch,
    SearchStateSearching,
    SearchStateSearchFinished,
    SearchStateSearchFailed
};

• NS_OPTIONS 位移枚举

typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, NSKeyValueObservingOptions) {
    NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew,
    NSKeyValueObservingOptionOld,
    NSKeyValueObservingOptionInitial,
    NSKeyValueObservingOptionPrior
};

• NS_STRING_ENUM 字符串枚举

// - 类型声明
typedef NSString * QIEComponentNameOption NS_EXTENSIBLE_STRING_ENUM;

// - 字符串定义
FOUNDATION_EXPORT QIEComponentNameOption const QIEComponentNameConfigComponet;

// - 字符串赋值
QIEComponentNameOption const QIEComponentNameConfigComponet = @"QIEConfigComponent";

• extern向外部提供只读常量

// - 声明
extern NSString *const SearchErrorDomain;
extern NSInteger SearchDefaultTimeout;

// - 实现
NSString *const SearchErrorDomain = @"SearchErrorDomain";
const NSInteger SearchDefaultTimeout = 20;

• designated initializer 标明必须用这个方法初始化 指明初始化方法 可以保证所有变量可以被正确的初始化

@interface WKWebView : UIView
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame configuration:(WKWebViewConfiguration *)configuration NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
- (nullable instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)coder NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER;
@end

• available 声明本接口最低支持的操作系统版本

// - iOS10 开始提供了新的 avaiable 宏 API_AVAILABLE  分别是 
API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.10))
API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.9), ios(10.0))
API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.4), ios(8.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(10.0))

// - 使用
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger,SearchState) {
    SearchStateNotSearch,
    SearchStateSearching,
    SearchStateSearchFinished,
    SearchStateSearchFailed
} NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0);//此枚举在iOS2.0以上才能使用
NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0) //此类在iOS2.0以上才能使用
@interface SearchManager : NSObject
- (void)reSearch NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0);//此方法在iOS5.0以上才能使用
@end

• unavailable 声明此接口不可用，大多数时候是用于声明所在平台限制

// - iOS10开始提供了新的unavailable宏API_UNAVAILABLE:
API_UNAVAILABLE(macos)
API_UNAVAILABLE(watchos, tvos)

// - 使用 
@interface SearchManager : NSObject
- (void)searchInWatch NS_UNAVAILABLE;//不能用此接口
- (void)searchInHostApp NS_EXTENSION_UNAVAILABLE_IOS;//extension里不能用此接口
- (void)search __TVOS_PROHIBITED;//tvOS里不能用此接口，可修饰枚举，类，方法，参数
@end

• deprecated 声明此接口已经被弃用，可以同时加注释注明替代接口

// - iOS10开始提供了新的deprecated宏API_DEPRECATED和API_DEPRECATED_WITH_REPLACEMENT。前者可以注明弃用原因，后者可以注明替代接口。
API_DEPRECATED("No longer supported", macos(10.4, 10.8))
API_DEPRECATED("No longer supported", macos(10.4, 10.8), ios(2.0, 3.0), watchos(2.0, 3.0), tvos(9.0, 10.0))

API_DEPRECATED_WITH_REPLACEMENT("-setName:", tvos(10.0, 10.4), ios(9.0, 10.0))
API_DEPRECATED_WITH_REPLACEMENT("SomeClassName", macos(10.4, 10.6), watchos(2.0, 3.0))

// - 注明废弃类
NS_CLASS_DEPRECATED_IOS(2_0, 9_0, "UIAlertView is deprecated. Use UIAlertController with a preferredStyle of UIAlertControllerStyleAlert instead")
@interface UIAlertView : UIView
@end

// - 注明废弃API
@interface UIViewController : UIResponder
- (void)viewDidUnload NS_DEPRECATED_IOS(3_0,6_0);
@end

// - 注明废弃枚举
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIStatusBarStyle) {
    UIStatusBarStyleDefault                                     = 0, // Dark content, for use on light backgrounds
    UIStatusBarStyleLightContent     NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0) = 1, // Light content, for use on dark backgrounds
    
    UIStatusBarStyleBlackTranslucent NS_ENUM_DEPRECATED_IOS(2_0, 7_0, "Use UIStatusBarStyleLightContent") = 1,
    UIStatusBarStyleBlackOpaque      NS_ENUM_DEPRECATED_IOS(2_0, 7_0, "Use UIStatusBarStyleLightContent") = 2,
}

打印宏

// - 定义
#define QIELog(frmt, ...) [[QIELogManager shareInstants] logWithFile:__FILE__ function:__func__ line:__LINE__ format:(frmt), ## __VA_ARGS__]

// - 实现
- (void)logWithFile:(const char *)file function:(const char *)funcation line:(NSUInteger)line format:(NSString *)format, ... {
    if (!self.enableLog) {
        return;
    }
    NSString *filePath = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:file];
    
    for (QIEComponentNameOption option in self.componentArray) {
        if ([filePath containsString:option]) {
            return;
        }
    }
    NSString *componentName = @"";
    NSArray *fileComponent = [filePath componentsSeparatedByString:@"/"];
    if ([fileComponent containsObject:@"Pods"]) {
        NSInteger index = [fileComponent indexOfObject:@"Pods"];
        if (fileComponent.count > index + 1) {
            componentName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"【%@】",fileComponent[index + 1]];
        }
    }
    
    if (format) {
        va_list args;
        va_start(args, format);
        NSString *message = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:format arguments:args];
        va_end(args);
        
        fprintf(stderr, "%s<%s : %lu> %s\n",
                [componentName UTF8String],
                [[filePath lastPathComponent] UTF8String],
                (unsigned long)line, funcation);
        NSLog(@"%@", message);
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    }
}