Python（0）：Python基础知识

1：输入输出；

2：Python变量类型（字符串、列表、元组、字典）；

3：运算符；

4：运算符“in”“not in”；

5：身份运算符：“is”“is not”；

6：while循环、猜大小游戏（基于while）；

7：for循环；

8：时间time、日历calendar；

9：自定义一个函数；

10：命名空间和作用域；

11：文本读写

#coding=utf-8   #编码（以支持中文）
import random   #随机
import time     #时间
import calendar #日历

'''
#***1******输出***********#
print"你好";

#***1******输入***********#
print 'input:'
str = input()
print str
'''


'''
#***2****Python变量类型***********#

#1#字符串--String
str = 'hello world'

print str
print str[0]
print str[2:5]
print str[2:]
print str*2
print str+"test"

#2#列表--List（有序的对象集合）--[]--类似数组
list = ['runoob',123,2.23,'john',79.2]
tinylist = [345,'john']

print list  
print list[0]
print list[1:3]
print list[2:]
print tinylist*2
print list+tinylist

#3#元组--tuple--（逗号隔开）--不能二次赋值
tuple = ('runoob',789,2.23,'john',23.3)
tinytuple = (689,'john')

print tuple
print tuple[0]
print tuple[1:3]
print tuple[2:]
print tinytuple*3
print tuple+tinytuple

#4#字典--dictionary(无序的对象组合)--{'a':'b'}--键值对
dict = {}
dict['one'] = "this is one"
dict[2] = "this is two"

tinydict = {'name': 'john','code':6785,'dept':'scales'}

print dict['one']
print dict[2]
print tinydict
print tinydict.keys()
print tinydict.values()
'''


'''
#***3*****运算符***********#
a = 21
b = 10
c = 0

if(a == b):
    print "1- a=b"
else:
    print "1- a!=b"
'''


'''
#***4****运算符“in”“not in”************#
a = 10
b = 20
list = [1,2,3,4,5];

if(a in list):
    print "*--a is in list"
else:
    print "*--a is not in list"
'''


'''
#***5****身份运算符：“is”“is not”************#
a = 20
b = 20
if(a is b):
    print "a is b"
else:
    print "a is not b"
'''


'''
#***6***while循环**************#
numbers =  [12,37,5,42,8,3]
even = []
odd = []
while len(numbers)>0:
    number = numbers.pop()
    if(number % 2 == 0):
        even.append(number)
        #continue
    else:
        odd.append(number)
        #break
#else使用条件必须是while不成立了，break跳出时若依旧成立则else不执行
else:
 print "while end"

print numbers
print even
print odd
'''


'''
#***6********猜大小游戏**************#
s = int(random.uniform(1,10))
print s
m = int(raw_input('input integer:'))
while m != s:
    if m > s :
        print('>')
        m = int(input('input integer'))
    if m < s :
        print('<')
        m = int(input('input integer'))
    if m == s:
        print('=')
        m = int(input('input integer'))
        break;
'''


'''
#***7***for循环*********#
for letter in 'python':
    print 'now:',letter

fruits = ['banana','apple','mango']
for fruit in fruits:
    print 'now:',fruit

for index in range(len(fruits)):
    print 'now:',fruits[index]

for num in range(10,20):
    for i in range(2,num):
        if num%i == 0:
            j = num / i
            print '%d = %d * %d' % (num,i,j)
            break
    else:
            print num,'is prime'
'''

'''
i = 2
while(i<100):
    j = 2
    while(j <= (i/j)):
        if not(i%j):
            break
        j = j+1
    if j>(i/j) :
        print i,'is a prime number'
    i = i+1
'''


'''
#***8******时间***********#
ticks = time.time() #当前时间戳
print 'now:',ticks
localtime = time.localtime(ticks)
print 'localtime:',localtime
print '%dyear:%dmonth:%dday:%dhour:%dminute:%dsecond'%(localtime[0],
    localtime[1],localtime[2],localtime[3],localtime[4],localtime[5])
localtime = time.asctime(localtime)
print 'now:',localtime

print time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime())


cal = calendar.month(2017,8)
print cal
'''

'''
#***9******自定义一个函数***********#
def printme(str):
    "print str" #此函数的文档说明
    print str   #执行语句
    return 

printme("hello")    #调用自定义的函数
'''

'''
#***10******命名空间和作用域***********#
#Python 会智能地猜测一个变量是局部的还是全局的，
#它假设任何在函数内赋值的变量都是局部的。
#因此，如果要给函数内的全局变量赋值，必须使用 global 语句。
money = 2000
def AddMoney():
    global money
    money = money + 1

print money
AddMoney()
print money
'''


'''
#***11******文本读写***********#
#fo = open("foo.txt",'wb+')
fo = open("F:\\Python\\Project\\1test\\foo.txt","rb+")
print 'name:',fo.name   
print 'is close?:',fo.closed
print 'access mode:',fo.mode   
print 'add space force',fo.softspace
fo.write("12kjhkl3\r\n");
fo.write("\n4534\nojoj\n");
#print fo.read(10)
fo.close
'''