HDFS 的 Shell 操作

HDFS 的 Shell 操作

1 基本语法

hadoop fs 具体命令 OR hdfs dfs 具体命令

1.1 命令大全

root@datanode:/usr/local/hadoop-2.8.3/bin# hadoop fs
Usage: hadoop fs [generic options]
        [-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
        [-checksum <src> ...]
        [-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
        [-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
        [-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
        [-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-copyToLocal [-f] [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
        [-count [-q] [-h] [-v] [-t [<storage type>]] [-u] [-x] <path> ...]
        [-cp [-f] [-p | -p[topax]] [-d] <src> ... <dst>]
        [-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]]
        [-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>]
        [-df [-h] [<path> ...]]
        [-du [-s] [-h] [-x] <path> ...]
        [-expunge]
        [-find <path> ... <expression> ...]
        [-get [-f] [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
        [-getfacl [-R] <path>]
        [-getfattr [-R] {-n name | -d} [-e en] <path>]
        [-getmerge [-nl] [-skip-empty-file] <src> <localdst>]
        [-help [cmd ...]]
        [-ls [-C] [-d] [-h] [-q] [-R] [-t] [-S] [-r] [-u] [<path> ...]]
        [-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]
        [-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
        [-mv <src> ... <dst>]
        [-put [-f] [-p] [-l] [-d] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>]
        [-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] [-safely] <src> ...]
        [-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]
        [-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]]
        [-setfattr {-n name [-v value] | -x name} <path>]
        [-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]
        [-stat [format] <path> ...]
        [-tail [-f] <file>]
        [-test -[defsz] <path>]
        [-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
        [-touchz <path> ...]
        [-truncate [-w] <length> <path> ...]
        [-usage [cmd ...]]

2 常用命令操作

1. -help：输出这个命令参数

hadoop fs -help rm

2. 创建/test文件夹

 hadoop fs -mkdir /test

2.1 上传

1. -moveFromLocal：从本地剪切粘贴到 HDFS

hadoop fs -moveFromLocal ./shuguo.txt /test

2. -copyFromLocal：从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到 HDFS 路径去

hadoop fs -copyFromLocal ./shuguo.txt /test

3. -put：等同于 copyFromLocal，生产环境更习惯用 put

hadoop fs -put ./shuguo.txt /test

4. -appendToFile：追加一个文件到已经存在的文件末尾

hadoop fs -appendToFile liubei.txt /test/shuguo.txt

5. 强制覆盖

# -f表示强制覆盖
hadoop fs -put -f ./shuguo.txt /test

2.2 下载

1. -copyToLocal：从 HDFS 拷贝到本地

hadoop fs -copyToLocal /test/shuguo.txt ./

2. -get：等同于 copyToLocal，生产环境更习惯用 get

hadoop fs -get /test/shuguo.txt ./

2.3 HDFS 直接操作

1. ls: 显示目录信息

hadoop fs -ls /test

2. -cat：显示文件内容

hadoop fs -cat /test/shuguo.txt

3. -chgrp、-chmod、-chown：Linux 文件系统中的用法一样，修改文件所属权限

hadoop fs -chmod 666 /test/shuguo.txt
hadoop fs -chown atguigu:atguigu /sanguo/shuguo.txt

4. -mkdir：创建路径
5. -cp：从 HDFS 的一个路径拷贝到 HDFS 的另一个路径
6. -mv：在 HDFS 目录中移动文件
7. -tail：显示一个文件的末尾 1kb 的数据
8. -rm：删除文件或文件夹
9. -rm -r：递归删除目录及目录里面内容
10. -du 统计文件夹的大小信息

[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /jinguo
27 81 /jinguo
[atguigu@hadoop102 hadoop-3.1.3]$ hadoop fs -du -h /jinguo
14 42 /jinguo/shuguo.txt
7 21 /jinguo/weiguo.txt
6 18 /jinguo/wuguo.tx

11. -setrep：设置 HDFS 中文件的副本数量

 hadoop fs -setrep 10 /jinguo/shuguo.txt