python[:]以及[::]用法

[m:n] #切片操作，取a[m]~a[n-1]之间的内容，m\n可以为负，m>n时返回空

[m::n] #从a[m]开始，每跳|n|个取一个，当n为负时逆序取数，当n为正的时候，正序取数。m为空则默认m=0，n为负时，m为空，则默认m=-1

In [1]: import numpy as np                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

In [2]: a = np.random.rand(10)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

In [3]: a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
Out[3]: 
array([0.56206001, 0.93252115, 0.24078108, 0.36059548, 0.1946579 ,
       0.35166964, 0.77443621, 0.97699886, 0.30177723, 0.10688389])

In [4]: a[3:2]       # m>n返回空                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
Out[4]: array([], dtype=float64)

In [5]: a[::-1]      # 从a[-1]开始逆序取数，间隔为1，即逆序所有                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
Out[5]: 
array([0.10688389, 0.30177723, 0.97699886, 0.77443621, 0.35166964,
       0.1946579 , 0.36059548, 0.24078108, 0.93252115, 0.56206001])

In [6]: a[3::-1]     # 从a[3]开始逆序取数，间隔为1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
Out[6]: array([0.36059548, 0.24078108, 0.93252115, 0.56206001])

In [7]: a[8::-2]     # 从a[8]开始逆序取数，间隔为2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
Out[7]: array([0.30177723, 0.77443621, 0.1946579 , 0.24078108, 0.56206001])

In [8]: a[8::-3]    # 从a[8]开始逆序取数，间隔为3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
Out[8]: array([0.30177723, 0.35166964, 0.24078108])

In [9]: a[3::1]     # 从a[3]开始正序取数，间隔为1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
Out[9]: 
array([0.36059548, 0.1946579 , 0.35166964, 0.77443621, 0.97699886,
       0.30177723, 0.10688389])

In [10]: a[3::2]   # 从a[3]开始正序取数，间隔为2                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
Out[10]: array([0.36059548, 0.35166964, 0.97699886, 0.10688389])

In [11]: a[3::3]   # 从a[3]开始正序取数，间隔为3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
Out[11]: array([0.36059548, 0.77443621, 0.10688389])

In [12]: a[::2]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
Out[12]: array([0.56206001, 0.24078108, 0.1946579 , 0.77443621, 0.30177723])

In [13]: a[::-2]                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
Out[13]: array([0.10688389, 0.97699886, 0.35166964, 0.36059548, 0.93252115])