多线程的创建与结束-小例子火车票的售卖

先记录下用到的变量以及函数

1. phtread_t ：一种新的数据类型，其定义是 typedef unsigned long int pthread_t

2. pthread_create：线程创建函数，其原型是 int pthread_create（phtread_t * thread,const phtread_arr_t* arr,void* (*start_routine)(void*),void* arg）;第一个参数是指向线程标识符的指针，第二个参数是用来设置线程属性，第三个参数是线程运行函数的起始地址，最后一个参数是函数运行的参数

3. pthread_join 一般是主线程来调用，用来等待子线程退出，因为是等待，所以阻塞的，一般主线程会依次添加所有它创建的子线程   

      接下来是一个用多线程售卖车票的例子

#include<stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <windows.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "pthreadVC2.lib")

/*模拟火车售票*/
int total_ticket_num = 20;
pthread_mutex_t mutex_x = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
void* sell_ticket(void* arg)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
	{
		pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_x);
		if (total_ticket_num > 0)
		{
			Sleep(100);
			int* id = static_cast<int *>(arg);
			printf("thread %d:", *id);
			printf("sell the %dth ticket\n",20 - total_ticket_num + 1);
			total_ticket_num--;
		}
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_x);
	}
	return 0;
}

int main()
{
	int iRet;
	pthread_t tids[4];
	int i = 0;
	int id[4] = { 0,1,2,3 };
	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
	{
		switch (i)
		{
		case 0:
			iRet = pthread_create(&tids[i], NULL, &sell_ticket, &(id[0]));
			break;
		case 1:
			iRet = pthread_create(&tids[i], NULL, &sell_ticket, &(id[1]));
			break;
		case 2:
			iRet = pthread_create(&tids[i], NULL, &sell_ticket, &(id[2]));
			break;
		case 3:
			iRet = pthread_create(&tids[i], NULL, &sell_ticket, &(id[3]));
			break;
		}
		if (iRet)
		{
			printf("pthread_create error,iRet=%d\n", iRet);
			return iRet;
		}
	}
	Sleep(20);
	void* retval;
	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
	{
		iRet = pthread_join(tids[i], &retval);
		if (iRet)
		{
			printf("tid=%d join error,Ret=%d\n", tids[i],iRet);
			return iRet;
		}
		printf("retval=%ld\n", (long*)retval);
	}
	return 0;
}
/*模拟火车售票*/