备份脚本六个注意点
在写脚本前我这里按照个人习惯大概总结了以下六点，感兴趣的可以继续看看，不感兴趣的直接跳过就好。
1、首先要注意的一点就是 shell 环境是 bash 还是 sh ,需要在你的脚本开头中注明。
#!/bin/bash2、其次就是数据库环境变量需要申明，例如直接加载 .bash_profile 或者单独申明 ORACLE_HOME、ORACLE_BASE 等。
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile或者ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_SID=JiekeXu1ORACLE_USER=oracleORACLE_GROUP=oinstall3、接下来就是定义相关备份目录、日志目录等全局通用目录。
DICPATH=/db_backup/oracle/rmanLOGPATH=$DICPATH/logDATPATH=$DICPATH/data4、到这里呢才算开始正式的备份任务，使用数据库备份工具编写备份脚本。
rman target / mysqldump ......5、备份完成需要考虑存放日期，存放一周，两周，或者 scp、ftp 等传到远程异地，然后考虑清理本地的磁盘空间。
--清理备份产生的日志find ${DIR}/log -name ${NAME}\* -mtime +90 | xargs rm -f--清理备份集--使用操作系统命令直接删除备份集find ${DIR}/data -name ${NAME}\* -mtime +30 | xargs rm -f6、这一步就是部署备份了，一般借助操作系统的 crontab 定时任务来搞定。
crontab 命令的语法
crontab [-u username] [-l|-e|-r]选项与参数：-u ：只有 root 才能进行这个任务，亦即帮其他使用者创建/移除 crontab 工作排程；-e ：编辑 crontab 的工作内容-l ：查阅 crontab 的工作内容-r ：移除所有的 crontab 的工作内容，若仅要移除一项，请用 -e 去编辑
* * * * *- - - - -| || |||| || +----- 星期中的星期几 (0 - 6) (星期天为 0)|| | +---------- 月份 (1 - 12) | | +--------------- 一个月中的第几天 (1 - 31)| +-------------------- 小时 (0 - 23)+------------------------- 分钟 (0 - 59)另外关于 crontab 还有几点要注意的:
● 定时任务添加注释
● >/dev/null 2>&1 ==> &>/dev/null,别随意打印日志文件
● 定时任务里面的程序脚本尽量用全路径
● 避免不必要的程序以及命令输出
● 定时任务之前添加注释
下面看几个 crontab 的例子。
0 */2 ** * /sbin/service httpd restart 意思是每两个小时重启一次apache 50 7 * * * /sbin/service sshd start 意思是每天7：50开启ssh服务 50 22 * * * /sbin/service sshd stop 意思是每天22：50关闭ssh服务 0 0 1,15 * * fsck /home 每月1号和15号检查/home 磁盘 1 * ** * /home/jieke/backup 每小时的第一分执行 /home/jieke/backup这个文件 00 03 * * 1-5 find /home/oracle "*.xxx" -mtime +4 -exec rm {} \; 每周一至周五3点钟，在目录 /home/oracle 中，查找文件名为*.xxx的文件，并删除4天前的文件。30 6 */10 * * ls 意思是每月的1、11、21、31日是的6：30执行一次ls命令下面正式分享几个脚本。
Oracle rman 增备脚本
vim /home/oracle/scripts/oracle_rman.sh#!/bin/bashsource /home/oracle/.bash_profileDICPATH=/db_backup/oracle/rmanLOGPATH=$DICPATH/logDATPATH=$DICPATH/dataif [ ! -d $LOGPATH ]; then mkdir -p $LOGPATHfiif [ ! -d $DATPATH ]; then mkdir -p $DATPATHfiif [ "$1" = "full" ]; thenecho'jxrt'rman target / nocatalog msglog=$LOGPATH/rman_db_`date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S'`.log <<EOFrun{REPORT OBSOLETE;#crosscheck archivelog all;allocate channel c1 type disk;allocate channel c2 type disk;allocate channel c3 type disk;allocate channel c4 type disk;allocate channel c5 type disk;allocate channel c6 type disk;allocate channel c7 type disk;allocate channel c8 type disk;sql 'alter system archive log current';backup as compressed backupset incremental level 0 cumulative database FILESPERSET 8 tag 'dbfull' format '$DATPATH/full_%d_%T_%s_%U.bak' ;sql 'alter system archive log current';backup as compressed backupset archivelog all tag 'arch' format '$DATPATH/arch_%d_%T_%s_%U.arc';DELETE force NOPROMPT OBSOLETE recovery window of 8 days device type disk;delete noprompt expired backup;delete noprompt expired archivelog all;backup current controlfile format '$DATPATH/ctl_%d_%T_%s_%U.bak'; release channel c1;release channel c2;release channel c3;release channel c4;release channel c5;release channel c6;release channel c7;release channel c8;}exit;EOFelif [ "$1" = "diff" ]; thenrman target / nocatalog msglog=$LOGPATH/rman_db_`date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S'`.log <<EOFrun{REPORT OBSOLETE;#crosscheck archivelog all;allocate channel c1 type disk;allocate channel c2 type disk;allocate channel c3 type disk;allocate channel c4 type disk;allocate channel c5 type disk;allocate channel c6 type disk;allocate channel c7 type disk;allocate channel c8 type disk;sql 'alter system archive log current';backup as compressed backupset incremental level 1 cumulative database FILESPERSET 8 tag 'dbincrL1' format '$DATPATH/incr_L1_%d_%T_%s_%U.bak' ;sql 'alter system archive log current';backup as compressed backupset archivelog all tag 'arch' format '$DATPATH/arch_%d_%T_%s_%U.arc';DELETE force NOPROMPT OBSOLETE recovery window of 8 days device type disk;delete noprompt expired backup;delete noprompt expired archivelog all;backup current controlfile format '$DATPATH/ctl_%d_%T_%s_%U.bak';release channel c1;release channel c2;release channel c3;release channel c4;release channel c5;release channel c6;release channel c7;release channel c8;}exit;EOFfi#oracle 用户下的定时备份任务，可加参数 full 或者 diff#30 0 * * * sh /home/oracle/db/scripts/oracle_rman.sh full运行脚本
每周五凌晨 2:10 分运行 rman 脚本进行数据库全备,注意后面加参数 full;
其他时间每天 2:22 分运行 rman 脚本进行数据库增量备份，注意后面加参数 diff。
10 2 * * 5 /bin/bash /home/oracle/scripts/oracle_rman.sh full22 2 * * 6,0,1,2,3,4 /bin/bash /home/oracle/scripts/oracle_rman.sh diffOracle rman 全备脚本
下面的脚本是对数据库进行全备或者归档日志备份的，注意如果使用到了 catlog 的话，也可以使用我注释掉的 rman target catlog 连接串。
vim rman_nfs_bak.sh#!/bin/bash# ---------------------------------------------------------------------# hot_database_backup_proxy.sh# ---------------------------------------------------------------------# This script uses Recovery Manager to take a hot (inconsistent) database# backup. A hot backup is inconsistent because portions of the database are# being modified and written to the disk while the backup is progressing.# You must run your database in ARCHIVELOG mode to make hot backups. It is# assumed that this script will be executed by user root. In order for RMAN# to work properly we switch user (su -) to the oracle dba account before# execution. If this script runs under a user account that has Oracle dba# privilege, it will be executed using this user's account.# ---------------------------------------------------------------------ORACLE_USER=oracleORACLE_GROUP=oinstallTARGET_CONNECT_STR=/ORACLE_SID=JIEKEDB2BAK_DIR=/backup/DB_Baksource /home/${ORACLE_USER}/.bash_profile# ---------------------------------------------------------------------# Get the directory where the script locates and create log directory.# ---------------------------------------------------------------------DIR=$(cd `dirname ${0}`; pwd)if [ ! -d ${DIR}/logs ]thenmkdir -p ${DIR}/logschown -R ${ORACLE_USER}:${ORACLE_GROUP}${DIR}/logsfi# ---------------------------------------------------------------------# Get the variables we need from the local instance.# ---------------------------------------------------------------------SID=`ps -ef|grep pmon|grep ora_|awk -F'_''{print $NF}'`case"$SID"in "$ORACLE_SID") RCVCAT_CONNECT_STR=jieke/jieke0jiekeR#@catalog ;; *) echo"Cannot get SID,database is not running" >> ${DIR}/logs/`basename ${0}`_error.outexit 1 ;;esac# ---------------------------------------------------------------------# Determine the user which is executing this script.# ---------------------------------------------------------------------CUSER=`whoami`if [ ${CUSER} != ${ORACLE_USER} ]thenecho"Please user oracle_user to run the script!" >> ${DIR}/logs/`basename ${0}`_error.outexit 1fi# ---------------------------------------------------------------------# Put output in <this file name>.out. Change as desired.# Note: output directory requires write permission.# ---------------------------------------------------------------------case"$1"in "arch") RMAN_LOG_FILE=${ORACLE_SID}_arch_`date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S`.out ;; "full") RMAN_LOG_FILE=${ORACLE_SID}_full_`date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S`.out ;; *) echo" The following word is needed as a script parameter: arch or full! ">> ${DIR}/logs/`basename ${0}`_error.outexit 1 ;;esacNAME=`basename ${0}`RMAN_LOG_FILE=${DIR}/logs/`basename $RMAN_LOG_FILE`find ${DIR}/logs -name ${NAME}\* -mtime +30 | xargs rm -fif [ -h ${DIR}/logs/last ]thenrm ${DIR}/logs/lastfiln -s $RMAN_LOG_FILE${DIR}/logs/last# ---------------------------------------------------------------------# You may want to delete the output file so that backup information does# not accumulate. If not, delete the following lines.# ---------------------------------------------------------------------# if [ -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE" ]# then# rm -f "$RMAN_LOG_FILE"# fi# -----------------------------------------------------------------# Initialize the log file.# -----------------------------------------------------------------echo>> $RMAN_LOG_FILEchmod 666 $RMAN_LOG_FILE# ---------------------------------------------------------------------# Log the start of this script.# ---------------------------------------------------------------------echo Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho ==== started on `date '+%a,%Y%m%d-%H:%M:%S'` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho>> $RMAN_LOG_FILE# ---------------------------------------------------------------------# Print out the value of the variables set by this script.# ---------------------------------------------------------------------echo>> $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho"RMAN: $RMAN" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho"ORACLE_SID: $ORACLE_SID" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho"ORACLE_USER: $ORACLE_USER" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho"ORACLE_HOME: $ORACLE_HOME" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILE# Convert requests for incremental into archive log only backupsif [ "$1" = "arch" ]; thenecho"Archive log only backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILECMD_STR="#rman target $TARGET_CONNECT_STR catalog $RCVCAT_CONNECT_STR log $RMAN_LOG_FILE append << EOFrman target / log $RMAN_LOG_FILE append << EOFRUN {sql 'alter system archive log current';ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 device type DISK;BACKUP FILESPERSET 5 FORMAT '${BAK_DIR}/arch_%d_%s_%p_%t' ARCHIVELOG ALL;RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;}EOF"elif [ "$1" = "full" ]; thenecho"Full database backup requested" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILECMD_STR="rman target $TARGET_CONNECT_STR catalog $RCVCAT_CONNECT_STR log $RMAN_LOG_FILE append << EOFRUN {ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch00 device type DISK;ALLOCATE CHANNEL ch01 device type DISK;BACKUP TAG ${ORACLE_SID}_hot_backup FILESPERSET 5 FORMAT '${BAK_DIR}/database_%d_%s_%p_%t' DATABASE;sql 'alter system archive log current';RELEASE CHANNEL ch00;RELEASE CHANNEL ch01;}EOF"fi# Initiate the command stringsh -c "$CMD_STR"#sh -c "$CMD_STR" >> $RMAN_LOG_FILERSTAT=$?# ---------------------------------------------------------------------# Log the completion of this script.# ---------------------------------------------------------------------if [ "$RSTAT" = "0" ]then LOGMSG="ended successfully"else LOGMSG="ended in error"fiecho>> $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho Script $0 >> $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho ==== $LOGMSG on `date '+%a,%Y%m%d-%H:%M:%S'` ==== >> $RMAN_LOG_FILEecho>> $RMAN_LOG_FILEexit$RSTAT运行脚本
每周一凌晨 1:10 分运行 rman 脚本进行数据库全备,注意后面加参数 full;
其他时间每天 0:10 分运行 rman 脚本进行数据库归档日志备份，注意后面加参数 arch。
10 1 * * 1 /home/oracle/db/scripts/rman_nfs_bak.sh full10 0 * * * /home/oracle/db/scripts/rman_nfs_bak.sh archOracle 归档删除脚本
vi /home/oracle/clear_arch.sh#!/bin/bashORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_SID=jiekexuPATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin/source /home/oracle/.bash_profilerman target / log=/home/oracle/clear_arch.log<<EOFdelete force noprompt archivelog all completed before 'sysdate-5';exitEOF运行脚本
chmod +x /home/oracle/clear_arch.sh每隔六个小时运行一次，清理五天之前的归档日志。注意有备库或者 ogg 的需要格外注意，避免被过早的删除。
crontab -e00,6,12,18 * * * /home/oracle/clear_arch.shMySQL xtrabackup 全备/增备脚本
more /home/mysql/scripts/backup.sh#!/bin/bashecho""START_TIME=`date`echo"############## backup start at $START_TIME ##############"echo""###you need install xtrabackup!#### Set envsource /home/mysql/.bash_profilewhich xtrabackup# Database InfoDB_USER="root"DB_PASS="R00t@123"#HOST="127.0.0.1"#PORT="24801"CONF="/data/mysqldb/conf/mysql.conf"SOCKET="/data/mysqldb/socket/mysql.sock"# Databases to backup# DB_NAME=("db1" "db2" "db3")# OthersBAK_BASE="/db_bak/mysql_bak/mysql"DATE=`date +%F`YESTERDAY=`date +%F -d "-1 days"`WEEK_DAY=`date +%w`BAK_DIR=$BAK_BASE/$DATE-$WEEK_DAY# Create Directory and backupif [ "$WEEK_DAY" == "6" ]; then xtrabackup --defaults-file=$CONF --socket=$SOCKET --backup --user=$DB_USER --password=$DB_PASS --target-dir=$BAK_DIR --compresselif [ "$WEEK_DAY" == "0" ]; then INCRE_BASE=$BAK_BASE/$YESTERDAY-6 xtrabackup --defaults-file=$CONF --socket=$SOCKET --backup --user=$DB_USER --password=$DB_PASS --target-dir=$BAK_DIR --incremental-basedir=$INCRE_BASE --compresselse INCRE_BASE=$BAK_BASE/$YESTERDAY-$[WEEK_DAY-1] xtrabackup --defaults-file=$CONF --socket=$SOCKET --backup --user=$DB_USER --password=$DB_PASS --target-dir=$BAK_DIR --incremental-basedir=$INCRE_BASE --compressfi# TODO#for var in ${DB_NAME[@]};#do# xtrabackup --defaults-file=$CONF --socket=$SOCKET --backup --databases $var --user=$DB_USER --password=$DB_PASS --target-dir=$BAK_DIR --compress#doneecho""END_TIME=`date`echo"############## backup end at $END_TIME ##############"echo""vim /home/mysql/scripts/cleanup.sh#!/bin/bashecho""START_TIME=`date`echo"############## clean up start at $START_TIME ##############"echo""find /db_bak/mysql_bak/mysql -maxdepth 1 -type d -mtime +30find /db_bak/mysql_bak/mysql -maxdepth 1 -type d -mtime +30 -exec rm -rf {} \;echo""END_TIME=`date`echo"############## clean up end at $END_TIME ##############"echo""运行脚本
每天凌晨 0:10 分清理 30 天之前的备份，每天 0:30 分使用 xtrabackup 进行备份，注意只有周六是全备，其他时间均是增备。
100 * * * /home/mysql/scripts/cleanup.sh >> /home/mysql/scripts/cleanup.log 2>&1300 * * * /home/mysql/scripts/backup.sh >> /home/mysql/scripts/backup.log 2>&1MySQL mysqldump 备份脚本 1
#!/bin/bash# 定义变量DB_USER="root"DB_PASS="password"DB_NAME="database_name"BACKUP_DIR="/db_backup/mysql"REMOTE_SERVER="remote_server_address"REMOTE_DIR="/db_backup/mysql"# 创建备份目录if [ ! -d $BACKUP_DIR ]; then mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIRfi# 备份数据库mysqldump -u$DB_USER -p$DB_PASS $DB_NAME > $BACKUP_DIR/$DB_NAME-$(date +%Y%m%d).sql# 压缩备份文件tar -czvf $BACKUP_DIR/$DB_NAME-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz $BACKUP_DIR/$DB_NAME-$(date +%Y%m%d).sql# 上传备份文件到远程服务器scp $BACKUP_DIR/$DB_NAME-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz $REMOTE_SERVER:$REMOTE_DIR# 删除过期备份文件find $BACKUP_DIR -type f -name "*.tar.gz" -mtime +15 -deleteMySQL mysqldump 备份脚本 2
vim mysql_backup.sh#！/bin/bash#完成数据库的定时备份#备份的路径BACKUP=/db_backup/backup/db#当前的时间作为文件名DATETIME=$(date +%Y_%m_%d_%H%M%S)#可以输出变量调试#echo ${DATETIME}echo"==========开始备份==========="echo"备份的路径是 $BACKUP/$DATETIME.tar.gz"#主机HOST=localhost#用户名DB_USER=root#密码DB_PWD=root#备份数据库名DATABASE=mysql#创建备份的路径#如果备份的路径文件夹存在就使用，否则创建[ ! -d "$BACKUP/$DATETIME" ] && mkdir -p "$BACKUP/$DATETIME"#执行mysql的备份数据库的指令mysqldump -u${DB_USER} -p${DB_PWD} --host=$HOST$DATABASE | gzip > $BACKUP/$DATETIME/$DATETIME.sql.gz#打包备份文件cd$BACKUPtar -zcvf $DATETIME.tar.gz $DATETIME#删除临时目录rm -rf $BACKUP/$DATETIME#删除15天前的备份文件(-exec rm -rf {} \是固定写法，删除查询出来的数据)find $BACKUP -mtime +15 -name "*.tar.gz" -exec rm -rf {} \;echo"==========备份完成==========="MySQL mysqldump 备份脚本 3
vim mysql_backup.sh#!/bin/bash#全备方式，一般在从机上执行，适用于小中型mysql数据库#删除15天以前备份source /etc/profile #加载系统环境变量source ~/.bash_profile #加载用户环境变量set -o nounset #引用未初始化变量时退出#set -o errexit #执行shell命令遇到错误时退出user="root"password="root"host="localhost"port="13306"#需备份的数据库，数组db=("test")#备份时加锁方式，#MyISAM为锁表--lock-all-tables，#InnoDB为锁行--single-transactionlock="--single-transaction"mysql_path="/usr/local/mysql"backup_path="${mysql_path}/backup"date=$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S)day=15backup_log="${mysql_path}/backup.log"#建立备份目录if [ ! -e $backup_path ];then mkdir -p $backup_pathfi#删除以前备份find $backup_path -type f -mtime +$day -exec rm -rf {} \; > /dev/null 2>&1echo"开始备份数据库：${db[*]}"#备份并压缩backup_sql(){ dbname=$1 backup_name="${dbname}_${date}.sql" #-R备份存储过程，函数，触发器 mysqldump -h $host -P $port -u $user -p$password$lock --default-character-set=utf8 --flush-logs -R $dbname > $backup_path/$backup_name if [[ $? == 0 ]];then cd$backup_path tar zcpvf $backup_name.tar.gz $backup_name size=$(du $backup_name.tar.gz -sh | awk '{print $1}') rm -rf $backup_name echo"$date 备份 $dbname($size) 成功 " else cd$backup_path rm -rf $backup_name echo"$date 备份 $dbname 失败 " fi}#循环备份length=${#db[@]}for (( i = 0; i < $length; i++ )); do backup_sql ${db[$i]} >> $backup_log 2>&1doneecho"备份结束,结果查看 $backup_log"du $backup_path/*$date* -sh | awk '{print "文件:" $2 ",大小:" $1}'全文完，希望可以帮到正在阅读的你，如果觉得此文对你有帮助，可以分享给你身边的朋友，同事，你关心谁就分享给谁，一起学习共同进步。
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