Android 高效加载图片

1.加载合适大小的图片

public static Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(Resources res, int resId,
        int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {


    final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
       // inJustDecodeBounds set true，只获取图片信息
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
    BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);

    // 获取缩小倍数
    options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, reqWidth, reqHeight);

    // inJustDecodeBounds set false
    options.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
    return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options);
}

//测量缩小倍数
public static int calculateInSampleSize(
            BitmapFactory.Options options, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) {
    // 获取图片宽高
    final int height = options.outHeight;
    final int width = options.outWidth;
    int inSampleSize = 1;

    if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) {

        final int halfHeight = height / 2;
        final int halfWidth = width / 2;

        //将inSampleSize设置成2的指数倍
        while ((halfHeight / inSampleSize) > reqHeight
                && (halfWidth / inSampleSize) > reqWidth) {
            inSampleSize *= 2;
        }
    }

    return inSampleSize;
}

2.异步加载图片

简单的异步加载图片

class BitmapWorkerTask extends AsyncTask<Integer, Void, Bitmap> {
    private final WeakReference<ImageView> imageViewReference;
    private int data = 0;

    public BitmapWorkerTask(ImageView imageView) {
        // 使用WeakReference存储imageView，因为imageView可能会被GC回收，如果被GC回收，那么就说明就不用加载图片
        imageViewReference = new WeakReference<ImageView>(imageView);
    }

    // 异步加载图片
    @Override
    protected Bitmap doInBackground(Integer... params) {
        data = params[0];
        return decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(getResources(), data, 100, 100));
    }

    // 加载完成，确定imageView是否还存在
    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap bitmap) {
        if (imageViewReference != null && bitmap != null) {
            final ImageView imageView = imageViewReference.get();
            if (imageView != null) {
                imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
            }
        }
    }
}

使用

public void loadBitmap(int resId, ImageView imageView) {
    BitmapWorkerTask task = new BitmapWorkerTask(imageView);
    task.execute(resId);
}

如果在ListView，和GridView中使用，往往会因为用户的滑动，会产生大量的异步线程，还可能导致图片的重复加载，或者是加载了图片却并不需要显示（该条目已经不需要显示）。那么就要进行同步处理。
首先，避免不必要的task运行，可以采用之前用WeakReference存储ImageView的方法，将task和目标图片关联起来。在这里，可以采用创建BitmapDrawable 的子类来进行管理。

static class AsyncDrawable extends BitmapDrawable {
    private final WeakReference<BitmapWorkerTask> bitmapWorkerTaskReference;

    public AsyncDrawable(Resources res, Bitmap bitmap,
            BitmapWorkerTask bitmapWorkerTask) {
        super(res, bitmap);
        bitmapWorkerTaskReference =
            new WeakReference<BitmapWorkerTask>(bitmapWorkerTask);
    }

    public BitmapWorkerTask getBitmapWorkerTask() {
        return bitmapWorkerTaskReference.get();
    }
}

在执行task之前，将图片和ImageView绑定起来

public void loadBitmap(int resId, ImageView imageView) {
    if (cancelPotentialWork(resId, imageView)) {
        final BitmapWorkerTask task = new BitmapWorkerTask(imageView);
        final AsyncDrawable asyncDrawable =
                new AsyncDrawable(getResources(), mPlaceHolderBitmap, task);
        imageView.setImageDrawable(asyncDrawable);
        task.execute(resId);
    }
}

判断task是否必要执行

public static boolean cancelPotentialWork(int data, ImageView imageView) {
    final BitmapWorkerTask bitmapWorkerTask = getBitmapWorkerTask(imageView);

    if (bitmapWorkerTask != null) {
        final int bitmapData = bitmapWorkerTask.data;
        // If bitmapData is not yet set or it differs from the new data
        if (bitmapData == 0 || bitmapData != data) {
            // Cancel previous task
            bitmapWorkerTask.cancel(true);
        } else {
            // The same work is already in progress
            return false;
        }
    }
    // No task associated with the ImageView, or an existing task was cancelled
    return true;
}

//判断task是否已经创建
private static BitmapWorkerTask getBitmapWorkerTask(ImageView imageView) {
   if (imageView != null) {
       final Drawable drawable = imageView.getDrawable();
       if (drawable instanceof AsyncDrawable) {
           final AsyncDrawable asyncDrawable = (AsyncDrawable) drawable;
           return asyncDrawable.getBitmapWorkerTask();
       }
    }
    return null;
}

最后，修改之前的代码，判断ImageView和task，确定图片是否应该显示

class BitmapWorkerTask extends AsyncTask<Integer, Void, Bitmap> {
    ...

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap bitmap) {
        if (isCancelled()) {
            bitmap = null;
        }

        if (imageViewReference != null && bitmap != null) {
            final ImageView imageView = imageViewReference.get();
            final BitmapWorkerTask bitmapWorkerTask =
                    getBitmapWorkerTask(imageView);
            if (this == bitmapWorkerTask && imageView != null) {
                imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
            }
        }
    }
}