变量值得共享可以使用public static变量的形式,所有的线程都使用同一个public static变量。如果想实现每一个线程都有自己的共享变量,在JDK中提供了类ThreadLock。
类ThreadLocal主要解决的就是每个线程绑定自己的值,可以将ThreadLocal类比喻成全局存放数据的盒子,盒子中可以存储每个线程的私有数据。
1.方法get和null
示例:
package ThreadLocal;
/**
* @Author LiBinquan
*/
public class Run {
private static ThreadLocal l1 = new ThreadLocal();
public static void main(String[] args) {
if (l1.get() == null){
System.out.println("没有值");
l1.set("我的值");
}
System.out.println(l1.get());
}
}
输出:
从输出可以看出,第一次调用l1对象的get方法时返回的是null,通过调用set方法赋值后顺利取出值并打印到控制台上。类ThreadLocal解决的是变量在不同线程间的隔离性,也就是不同线程拥有自己的值,不同线程中的值是可以放入ThreadLocal类中进行保存的。
2.验证线程变量的隔离性
示例代码:
package ThreadLocal;
/**
* @Author LiBinquan
*/
public class Tools {
public static ThreadLocal t = new ThreadLocal();
}
线程A:
package ThreadLocal;
/**
* @Author LiBinquan
*/
public class ThreadA extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
try{
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
Tools.t.set("ThreadA "+(i+1));
System.out.println("ThreadA get Value = "+Tools.t.get());
Thread.sleep(200);
}
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
线程B:
package ThreadLocal;
/**
* @Author LiBinquan
*/
public class ThreadB extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
try{
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
Tools.t.set("ThreadB "+(i+1));
System.out.println("ThreadB get Value = "+Tools.t.get());
Thread.sleep(200);
}
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行类:
package ThreadLocal;
/**
* @Author LiBinquan
*/
public class Run {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
ThreadA a = new ThreadA();
ThreadB b = new ThreadB();
a.start();
b.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
Tools.t.set("Mian get Value = "+Tools.t.get());
}
Thread.sleep(200);
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
输出:
可以从输出看出,虽然三个线程都set数据值,但是都还能取到各自的值。
再次验证隔离性:
package ThreadLocal;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @Author LiBinquan
*/
public class Tools {
public static ThreadLocal<Date> t = new ThreadLocal<Date>();
}
线程A:
package ThreadLocal;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @Author LiBinquan
*/
public class ThreadA extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
try{
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
if (Tools.t.get() == null){
Tools.t.set(new Date());
}
System.out.println("A "+Tools.t.get().getTime());
Thread.sleep(100);
}
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
线程B:
package ThreadLocal;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @Author LiBinquan
*/
public class ThreadB extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
try{
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
if (Tools.t.get() == null){
Tools.t.set(new Date());
}
System.out.println("B "+Tools.t.get().getTime());
Thread.sleep(100);
}
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行类:
package ThreadLocal;
/**
* @Author LiBinquan
*/
public class Run {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
ThreadA a = new ThreadA();
ThreadB b = new ThreadB();
a.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
b.start();
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
输出:
在第一次调用ThreadLocal类的get方法返回值是null。
3.解决get返回null问题
示例代码:
package ThreadLocal;
/**
* @Author LiBinquan
* @since dw 3.0.0
*/
public class ThreadLocalExt extends ThreadLocal{
@Override
protected Object initialValue() {
return "我是有默认值得";
}
}
运行类:
package ThreadLocal;
/**
* @Author LiBinquan
*/
public class Run1 {
public static ThreadLocalExt ext = new ThreadLocalExt();
public static void main(String[] args) {
if (ext.get() == null){
System.out.println("我没值,我进来了");
}
System.out.println(ext.get());
}
}
输出:
4.再次测试隔离性
package ThreadLocal;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @Author LiBinquan
*/
public class Tools {
public static ThreadLocalExt t = new ThreadLocalExt();
}
线程A:
package ThreadLocal;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @Author LiBinquan
*/
public class ThreadA extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
try{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println("在线程A中取值:"+Tools.t.get());
Thread.sleep(100);
}
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行类:
package ThreadLocal;
/**
* @Author LiBinquan
*/
public class Run1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println(" main 线程中取值 = "+Tools.t.get()
);
Thread.sleep(100);
}
Thread.sleep(5000);
ThreadA a = new ThreadA();
a.start();
}catch (InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
输出: