iOS 音视频录制之API选择，音频录制和播放

音视频的API选择

1.上层API

对于仅仅想直接播放个音频或视频的需求,没有必要使用底层的API,这些API可以简单的直接调用一些类似start,stop,设置一些资源文件路径就可以做录制与播放.

视频播放:AVPlayer
视频录制:UIImagePickerController
音频播放:AVAudioRecorder
音频录制:AVAudioPlayer
以上API如需了解使用自行百度,简单易用.

2.中层API

如果想采集到视频帧,音频帧加以利用,需要使用一些中层的API,对于采集而言,视频最底层即AVCaptureSession,我们可以通过回调函数拿到指定格式的音频视频.录制基本也同理.但对音频而言,如果不对音频有太多具体设置,仅仅做同步,可以直接使用AVCaputureSession中的音频采集.

音视频采集: AVCaptureSession
原理篇: 掘金, 简书,博客
实战篇: 掘金,简书,博客
音视频录制: AVAssetWriter,AVCaptureMovieFileOutput - 掘金, 简书,博客
3.底层,功能最多的API

音频采集方面还可以使用更底层,更好用的Audio Queue, Audio Unit.

音频采集/播放: Audio Queue, Audio Unit
音频录制: Audio File -简书,掘金,博客
Audio Queue与Audio Unit的选择

Audio Queue: 以队列的形式高效采集音频数据,可以直接设置采集PCM,AAC等压缩,未压缩类型格式音频数据.
原理篇:掘金,简书,博客
实战篇:简书,博客, 掘金
Audio Unit: 比起Audio Queue, 提供更加专业音频处理,支持混合,均衡,格式转换和实时输入/输出,用于录制,播放,离线渲染和实时对话,例如VoIP(互联网协议语音).可以从iOS应用程序动态加载和使用它.
原理篇:掘金,简书,博客
实战篇:掘金,简书,博客

AVAudioRecorder实现录制

AVAudioRecorder类是专门处理录音操作，可以在你的应用程序提供音频记录功能。录音只能保存到本地文件。它包含在AVFoundation FrameWork库中。


在创建录音机时除了指定路径外还必须指定录音设置信息，因为录音机必须知道录音文件的格式、采样率、通道数等信息。

通过xcode找到真机调试的沙盒路径文件

代码

//
//  ViewController.m
//  录音
//
//  Created by on 2020/2/25.
//  Copyright © 2020 Shae. All rights reserved.
//

#import "ViewController.h"
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
@interface ViewController ()
@property (nonatomic,strong)NSURL *url;
@property (nonatomic,strong)AVAudioRecorder *recorder;
@end

@implementation ViewController
- (NSURL *)url{
    if (_url==nil) {
        NSString *tmpDir=NSTemporaryDirectory();//获取沙盒的TemporaryDirectory路径
        NSString *urlPath=[tmpDir stringByAppendingString:@"record.caf"];
        _url=[NSURL fileURLWithPath:urlPath];
        NSLog(@"_url:%@",_url);
    }
    return _url;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
}
- (IBAction)startRecord:(UIButton *)sender {
    NSLog(@"开始录音");
    NSError *error=nil;//
    //1.激活AVAudioSession
    AVAudioSession *session=[AVAudioSession sharedInstance];//单例类
    [session setCategory:AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayAndRecord error:&error];
    if (session !=nil) {
        [session setActive:YES error:nil];
    }else{
        NSLog(@"session error :%@",error);
    }
    //2.设置AVAudioSession类的属性
    NSDictionary *recoderSettings=[[NSDictionary alloc]initWithObjectsAndKeys:[NSNumber numberWithFloat:16000.0],AVSampleRateKey,[NSNumber numberWithInt:kAudioFormatAppleIMA4],AVFormatIDKey,[NSNumber numberWithInt:1],AVNumberOfChannelsKey,[NSNumber numberWithInt:AVAudioQualityMax],AVEncoderAudioQualityKey, nil];//采样率，格式，Channel，采样质量
    //3.初始化recod对象
    self.recorder=[[AVAudioRecorder alloc]initWithURL:self.url settings:recoderSettings error:nil];
    //4.开始录音
    [self.recorder record];
}

- (IBAction)endRecord:(UIButton *)sender {
    NSLog(@"结束录音");
    [self.recorder stop];
    self.recorder=nil;//停止录音需要将现有AVAudioRecorder释放掉，不然再次录音会录到之前的文件里
}

@end

播放录音AVAudioPlayer

缺点：AVAudioPlayer不支持加载网络媒体流，只能播放本地文件
优点：能够精确控制播放进度、音量、播放速度等属性
(1) 初始化AVAudioPlayer对象，此时通常指定本地文件路径
(2) 设置播放器属性，例如重复次数、音量大小等
(3) 调用play方法播放

//
//  ViewController.m
//  录音
//
//  Created by 谢鑫 on 2020/2/25.
//  Copyright © 2020 Shae. All rights reserved.
//

#import "ViewController.h"
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
@interface ViewController ()<AVAudioPlayerDelegate>
@property (nonatomic,strong)NSURL *url;
@property (nonatomic,strong)AVAudioRecorder *recorder;
@property (nonatomic,strong)AVAudioPlayer *player;
@end

@implementation ViewController
- (NSURL *)url{
    if (_url==nil) {
        NSString *tmpDir=NSTemporaryDirectory();//获取沙盒的TemporaryDirectory路径
        NSString *urlPath=[tmpDir stringByAppendingString:@"record.caf"];
        _url=[NSURL fileURLWithPath:urlPath];
        NSLog(@"_url:%@",_url);
    }
    return _url;
}
- (AVAudioPlayer *)player{
    if (_player==nil) {
        _player=[[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:self.url error:nil];
        _player.volume=1.0;
        _player.delegate=self;
    }
    return _player;
}
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
}
- (IBAction)startRecord:(UIButton *)sender {
    NSLog(@"开始录音");
    NSError *error=nil;//
    //1.激活AVAudioSession
    AVAudioSession *session=[AVAudioSession sharedInstance];//单例类
    [session setCategory:AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayAndRecord error:&error];
    if (session !=nil) {
        [session setActive:YES error:nil];
    }else{
        NSLog(@"session error :%@",error);
    }
    //2.设置AVAudioSession类的属性
    NSDictionary *recoderSettings=[[NSDictionary alloc]initWithObjectsAndKeys:[NSNumber numberWithFloat:16000.0],AVSampleRateKey,[NSNumber numberWithInt:kAudioFormatAppleIMA4],AVFormatIDKey,[NSNumber numberWithInt:1],AVNumberOfChannelsKey,[NSNumber numberWithInt:AVAudioQualityMax],AVEncoderAudioQualityKey, nil];//采样率，格式，Channel，采样质量
    //3.初始化recod对象
    self.recorder=[[AVAudioRecorder alloc]initWithURL:self.url settings:recoderSettings error:nil];
    //4.开始录音
    [self.recorder record];
}

- (IBAction)endRecord:(UIButton *)sender {
    NSLog(@"结束录音");
    [self.recorder stop];
    self.recorder=nil;//停止录音需要将现有AVAudioRecorder释放掉，不然再次录音会录到之前的文件里
}
- (IBAction)playRecord:(UIButton *)sender {
    
    [self.player play];
}
#pragma AVAudioPlayer的代理方法
- (void)audioPlayerDidFinishPlaying:(AVAudioPlayer *)player successfully:(BOOL)flag{
    NSLog(@"%s",__func__);
    self.player=nil;
}
@end

如果自定义播放器可参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_18505715/article/details/79868677

微信录音实现（长按录音）

微信录音是长按录音，所以要用到长按手势。

UILongPressGestureRecognizer *longPress=[[UILongPressGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(longPressToRecord:)];
    [_longPressBtn addGestureRecognizer:longPress];

# pragma  mark --自定义方法
-(void)longPressToRecord:(UILongPressGestureRecognizer *)gesture{
    if(gesture.state==UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan){
        //开始录音
        [self startRecord];
    }else{
        //结束录音
        [self endRecord];
    }
    
}

音频播放

NSSlider控制音量

//
//  ViewController.m
//  播放音频
//
//  Created by 谢鑫 on 2020/2/25.
//  Copyright © 2020 Shae. All rights reserved.
//

#import "ViewController.h"
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
@interface ViewController ()
@property (nonatomic,strong)AVAudioPlayer *player;
@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
}
- (AVAudioPlayer *)player{
    NSString *urlString=[[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"bg" ofType:@"mp3"];
    NSURL *url=[NSURL fileURLWithPath:urlString];
    if (_player==nil) {
        _player=[[AVAudioPlayer alloc]initWithContentsOfURL:url error:nil];
    }
    return _player;
}
- (IBAction)play:(UIButton *)sender {
    [self.player play];
}
- (IBAction)pause:(UIButton *)sender {
    [self.player pause];
}
- (IBAction)stop:(UIButton *)sender {
    [self.player stop];
    self.player=nil;
}
- (IBAction)valueChange:(UISlider *)sender {
    self.player.volume=sender.value;
}


@end

代码

音频录制和播放demo
音频播放demo
界面搭建：可以参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_18505715/article/details/79868677