一.同步与异步
同步就是指一个进程在执行某个请求的时候,若该请求需要一段时间才能返回信息,那么这个进程将会一直等下去,直到收到返回信息才继续执行下去。
异步是指进程不需要一直等下去,而是继续执行下面的操作,不管其他进程的状态。当有信息返回时系统会通知进程进行处理,这样可以提高执行的效率。
二.异步请求池实现的架构
异步请求池不管是mysql请求池,redis请求池还是DNS请求池,只要遵循**“零声学院”**的king式四元组,就能按部就班实现出来,下面介绍一下king式四元组。
所谓的king式四元组,只得就是实现异步请求的四个api。
1.commit: 提交请求,主要包括以下功能。
(1)建立网络连接
(2)组织好对应的协议
(3)发到对应的服务器
(4)fd是否可读,fd加入epoll
struct dns_item {
char *domain;
char *ip;
};
typedef void (*async_result_cb) (struct dns_item *list, int count)
struct async_context {
int epfd;
};
struct ep_arg {
int sockfd;
};
//客户端提交请求,这里的domain域是指提交的时DNS请求
int async_client_commit(const char *domain) {
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if(sockfd < 0) {
perror("create socket failed\n");
exit(-1);
}
struct sockaddr_in dest;
bzero(&dest, sizeof(dest));
dest.sin_family = AF_INET;
dest.sin_port = htons(53);
dest.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(DNS_SVR);
int ret = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&dest, sizeof(dest));
/*创建DNS协议,具体协议请网上查找*/
struct dns_header header = {0};
dns_create_header(&header);
struct dns_question question = {0};
dns_create_question(&question, domain);
/*发到对应的服务器上去*/
char request[1024] = {0};
int req_len = dns_build_request(&header, &question, request);
int slen = sendto(sockfd, request, req_len, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&dest, (socklen_t*)*addr_len);
struct ep_arg *eparg = (struct ep_arg *)calloc(1, sizeof(struct ep_arg));
if(ep_arg == NULL) {
return -1;
}
eparg=>sockfd = sockfd;
eparg->cb = cb;
//加入到epool中
struct epoll_event ev;
ev.data.ptr = eparg;
ev.events = EPOLLIN;
ret = epoll_ctl(ctx->epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sockfd, &ev)
return ret;
2.init:初始化,主要执行异步操作的上下文
(1)创建epoll
(2) 创建 线程,里面用epoll_wait
#define ASYNC_CLIENT_NUM 1024
struct async_context *async_client_init(void) {
int epfd = epoll_create(1);
if (epfd < 0) return NULL;
struct async_context *ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(struct async_context));
if(ctx == NULL) {
close(epfd);
return NULL;
}
ctx->epfd = epfd;
pthread_t thread_id;
int ret = pthread_create(&pthread_id, NULL, dns_async_client_proc, ctx);
if(ret){
perror("pthread_create");
return NULL;
}
usleep(1);
return ctx;
}
static void* dns_async_client_proc(void *arg) {
struct async_context *ctx = (struct async_context*)arg;
int epfs = ctx->epfd;
while(1){
struct epoll_evet event[ASYNC_CLIENT_NUM] = {0};
int nready = epoll_wait(epfd, events, ASYNC_CLIENT_NUM, -1);
if(nready < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN) {
continue;
} else {
break;
}
} else if (nready == 0) {
continue;
}
int i = 0;
for (; i < nready; i++) {
struct ep_arg* data = (struct ep_arg*)events[i].data.ptr;
int sockfd = data->sockfd;
char buffer[1024] = 0;
struct sockaddr_in addr;
size_t addr_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
int n = recvfrom(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, (socklen_t*)&addr_len);
struct dns_item *domain_list = NULL;
int count = dns_parse_response(buffer, &domain_list);
data->cb(domain_list, count); //call cb
int ret = epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, sockfd, NULL);
//printf("epoll_ctl DEL --> sockfd:%d\n", sockfd);
close(sockfd); /
dns_async_client_free_domains(domain_list, count);
free(data);
}
}
}
3.callback:回调函数,收到数据最处理
static void dns_async_client_result_callback(struct dns_item *list, int count) {
int i = 0;
for (i = 0;i < count;i ++) {
printf("name:%s, ip:%s\n", list[i].domain, list[i].ip);
}
}
4.destory:销毁请求池
(1)调用close关闭epfd
(2) pthread_cancel取消线程