http协议访问网络

1.http工作原理：客服端向服务器发送一条http请求，服务器收到请求后返回数据给客户端，客户端收到数据后进行解析。

  1.1添加访问网络权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

  1.2实例代码

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:gravity="center_horizontal"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/take_photo"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="45dp"
        android:text="拍照"/>
    <ScrollView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_content"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:textSize="12sp"
            android:textColor="#000000"/>
    </ScrollView>
</LinearLayout>

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {
    Button take_photo;
    TextView tv_content;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        take_photo=findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
        tv_content=findViewById(R.id.tv_content);
        take_photo.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection();
    }

    private void sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection() {
        //开启新线程来发起网络请求
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                HttpURLConnection connection=null;
                BufferedReader reader=null;
                try {
                    //1.创建URL对象
                    URL url=new URL("https://www.baidu.com");
                    //2.HttpURLConnection对象
                    connection= (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    //3.设置请求方式
                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    //4.设置属性如连接超时、读取超时的毫秒数
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
                    connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
                    //5.获取服务器返回的输入输出流
                    InputStream in=connection.getInputStream();
                    //下面对获取到的输入流进行读取
                    reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
                    StringBuilder response=new StringBuilder();
                    String line;
                    while ((line=reader.readLine())!=null){
                        response.append(line);
                    }
                    showResponse(response.toString());
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    if (reader!=null){
                        try {
                            reader.close();
                        }catch (IOException e){
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    if (connection!=null){
                        //6.关闭http连接
                        connection.disconnect();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    private void showResponse(final String s) {
        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //在这里进行ui操作
                tv_content.setText(s);
            }
        });
    }
}

  1.3如果是提交数据，只需将请求方式改为POST,并在获取输入流之前把要提交的数据写出即可。注：每条数据以键值对的形式存在数据

       与数据之间用“&”符号隔开，比如向服务器提交用户名和密码:

connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
DataOutputStream out=new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
out.writeBytes("username=admin&password=123456");