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很多的Android入门程序猿来说对于android自定义View,可能都是比较恐惧的,但是这又是高手进阶的必经之路,所有准备在自定义View上面花一些功夫,多写一些文章。先总结下自定义View的步骤:
1、自定义View的属性
2、在View的构造方法中获得我们自定义的属性
[ 3、重写onMesure ]
4、重写onDraw
我把3用[]标出了,所以说3不一定是必须的,当然了大部分情况下还是需要重写的。
1、自定义View的属性,首先在res/values/ 下建立一个attrs.xml , 在里面定义我们的属性和声明我们的整个样式。
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <resources>
- <attr name="titleText" format="string" />
- <attr name="titleTextColor" format="color" />
- <attr name="titleTextSize" format="dimension" />
- <declare-styleable name="CustomTitleView">
- <attr name="titleText" />
- <attr name="titleTextColor" />
- <attr name="titleTextSize" />
- </declare-styleable>
- </resources>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<attr name="titleText" format="string" />
<attr name="titleTextColor" format="color" />
<attr name="titleTextSize" format="dimension" />
<declare-styleable name="CustomTitleView">
<attr name="titleText" />
<attr name="titleTextColor" />
<attr name="titleTextSize" />
</declare-styleable>
</resources>
我们定义了字体,字体颜色,字体大小3个属性,format是值该属性的取值类型:
一共有:string,color,demension,integer,enum,reference,float,boolean,fraction,flag;不清楚的可以google一把。
然后在布局中声明我们的自定义View
- <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
- xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.customview01"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent" >
- <com.example.customview01.view.CustomTitleView
- android:layout_width="200dp"
- android:layout_height="100dp"
- custom:titleText="3712"
- custom:titleTextColor="#ff0000"
- custom:titleTextSize="40sp" />
- </RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.customview01"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
<com.example.customview01.view.CustomTitleView
android:layout_width="200dp"
android:layout_height="100dp"
custom:titleText="3712"
custom:titleTextColor="#ff0000"
custom:titleTextSize="40sp" />
</RelativeLayout>
一定要引入 xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.customview01"我们的命名空间,后面的包路径指的是项目的package
2、在View的构造方法中,获得我们的自定义的样式
- /**
- * 文本
- */
- private String mTitleText;
- /**
- * 文本的颜色
- */
- private int mTitleTextColor;
- /**
- * 文本的大小
- */
- private int mTitleTextSize;
- /**
- * 绘制时控制文本绘制的范围
- */
- private Rect mBound;
- private Paint mPaint;
- public CustomTitleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)
- {
- this(context, attrs, 0);
- }
- public CustomTitleView(Context context)
- {
- this(context, null);
- }
- /**
- * 获得我自定义的样式属性
- *
- * @param context
- * @param attrs
- * @param defStyle
- */
- public CustomTitleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle)
- {
- super(context, attrs, defStyle);
- /**
- * 获得我们所定义的自定义样式属性
- */
- TypedArray a = context.getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomTitleView, defStyle, 0);
- int n = a.getIndexCount();
- for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
- {
- int attr = a.getIndex(i);
- switch (attr)
- {
- case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleText:
- mTitleText = a.getString(attr);
- break;
- case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleTextColor:
- // 默认颜色设置为黑色
- mTitleTextColor = a.getColor(attr, Color.BLACK);
- break;
- case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleTextSize:
- // 默认设置为16sp,TypeValue也可以把sp转化为px
- mTitleTextSize = a.getDimensionPixelSize(attr, (int) TypedValue.applyDimension(
- TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_SP, 16, getResources().getDisplayMetrics()));
- break;
- }
- }
- a.recycle();
- /**
- * 获得绘制文本的宽和高
- */
- mPaint = new Paint();
- mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);
- // mPaint.setColor(mTitleTextColor);
- mBound = new Rect();
- mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitleText, 0, mTitleText.length(), mBound);
- }
/**
* 文本
*/
private String mTitleText;
/**
* 文本的颜色
*/
private int mTitleTextColor;
/**
* 文本的大小
*/
private int mTitleTextSize;
/**
* 绘制时控制文本绘制的范围
*/
private Rect mBound;
private Paint mPaint;
public CustomTitleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)
{
this(context, attrs, 0);
}
public CustomTitleView(Context context)
{
this(context, null);
}
/**
* 获得我自定义的样式属性
*
* @param context
* @param attrs
* @param defStyle
*/
public CustomTitleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle)
{
super(context, attrs, defStyle);
/**
* 获得我们所定义的自定义样式属性
*/
TypedArray a = context.getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomTitleView, defStyle, 0);
int n = a.getIndexCount();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
int attr = a.getIndex(i);
switch (attr)
{
case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleText:
mTitleText = a.getString(attr);
break;
case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleTextColor:
// 默认颜色设置为黑色
mTitleTextColor = a.getColor(attr, Color.BLACK);
break;
case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleTextSize:
// 默认设置为16sp,TypeValue也可以把sp转化为px
mTitleTextSize = a.getDimensionPixelSize(attr, (int) TypedValue.applyDimension(
TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_SP, 16, getResources().getDisplayMetrics()));
break;
}
}
a.recycle();
/**
* 获得绘制文本的宽和高
*/
mPaint = new Paint();
mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);
// mPaint.setColor(mTitleTextColor);
mBound = new Rect();
mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitleText, 0, mTitleText.length(), mBound);
}
我们重写了3个构造方法,默认的布局文件调用的是两个参数的构造方法,所以记得让所有的构造调用我们的三个参数的构造,我们在三个参数的构造中获得自定义属性。
3、我们重写onDraw,onMesure调用系统提供的:
- @Override
- protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
- {
- super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
- }
- @Override
- protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas)
- {
- mPaint.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
- canvas.drawRect(0, 0, getMeasuredWidth(), getMeasuredHeight(), mPaint);
- mPaint.setColor(mTitleTextColor);
- canvas.drawText(mTitleText, getWidth() / 2 - mBound.width() / 2, getHeight() / 2 + mBound.height() / 2, mPaint);
- }
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
{
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas)
{
mPaint.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
canvas.drawRect(0, 0, getMeasuredWidth(), getMeasuredHeight(), mPaint);
mPaint.setColor(mTitleTextColor);
canvas.drawText(mTitleText, getWidth() / 2 - mBound.width() / 2, getHeight() / 2 + mBound.height() / 2, mPaint);
}
此时的效果是:
是不是觉得还不错,基本已经实现了自定义View。但是此时如果我们把布局文件的宽和高写成wrap_content,会发现效果并不是我们的预期:
系统帮我们测量的高度和宽度都是MATCH_PARNET,当我们设置明确的宽度和高度时,系统帮我们测量的结果就是我们设置的结果,当我们设置为WRAP_CONTENT,或者MATCH_PARENT系统帮我们测量的结果就是MATCH_PARENT的长度。
所以,当设置了WRAP_CONTENT时,我们需要自己进行测量,即重写onMesure方法”:
重写之前先了解MeasureSpec的specMode,一共三种类型:
EXACTLY:一般是设置了明确的值或者是MATCH_PARENT
AT_MOST:表示子布局限制在一个最大值内,一般为WARP_CONTENT
UNSPECIFIED:表示子布局想要多大就多大,很少使用
下面是我们重写onMeasure代码:
- @Override
- protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
- {
- int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
- int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
- int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
- int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
- int width;
- int height ;
- if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY)
- {
- width = widthSize;
- } else
- {
- mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);
- mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitle, 0, mTitle.length(), mBounds);
- float textWidth = mBounds.width();
- int desired = (int) (getPaddingLeft() + textWidth + getPaddingRight());
- width = desired;
- }
- if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY)
- {
- height = heightSize;
- } else
- {
- mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);
- mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitle, 0, mTitle.length(), mBounds);
- float textHeight = mBounds.height();
- int desired = (int) (getPaddingTop() + textHeight + getPaddingBottom());
- height = desired;
- }
- setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
- }
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
{
int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
int width;
int height ;
if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY)
{
width = widthSize;
} else
{
mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);
mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitle, 0, mTitle.length(), mBounds);
float textWidth = mBounds.width();
int desired = (int) (getPaddingLeft() + textWidth + getPaddingRight());
width = desired;
}
if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY)
{
height = heightSize;
} else
{
mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);
mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitle, 0, mTitle.length(), mBounds);
float textHeight = mBounds.height();
int desired = (int) (getPaddingTop() + textHeight + getPaddingBottom());
height = desired;
}
setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
}
现在我们修改下布局文件:
- <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
- xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.customview01"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent" >
- <com.example.customview01.view.CustomTitleView
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- custom:titleText="3712"
- android:padding="10dp"
- custom:titleTextColor="#ff0000"
- android:layout_centerInParent="true"
- custom:titleTextSize="40sp" />
- </RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.customview01"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
<com.example.customview01.view.CustomTitleView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
custom:titleText="3712"
android:padding="10dp"
custom:titleTextColor="#ff0000"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
custom:titleTextSize="40sp" />
</RelativeLayout>
现在的效果是:
完全复合我们的预期,现在我们可以对高度、宽度进行随便的设置了,基本可以满足我们的需求。
当然了,这样下来我们这个自定义View与TextView相比岂不是没什么优势,所有我们觉得给自定义View添加一个事件:
在构造中添加:
- this.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
- {
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v)
- {
- mTitleText = randomText();
- postInvalidate();
- }
- });
this.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
mTitleText = randomText();
postInvalidate();
}
});
- private String randomText()
- {
- Random random = new Random();
- Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<Integer>();
- while (set.size() < 4)
- {
- int randomInt = random.nextInt(10);
- set.add(randomInt);
- }
- StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
- for (Integer i : set)
- {
- sb.append("" + i);
- }
- return sb.toString();
- }
private String randomText()
{
Random random = new Random();
Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<Integer>();
while (set.size() < 4)
{
int randomInt = random.nextInt(10);
set.add(randomInt);
}
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (Integer i : set)
{
sb.append("" + i);
}
return sb.toString();
}
下面再来运行:
我们添加了一个点击事件,每次让它随机生成一个4位的随机数,有兴趣的可以在onDraw中添加一点噪点,然后改写为验证码,是不是感觉很不错。
好了,各位学习的,打酱油的留个言,顶个呗~
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