服务器搭建：servlet+dao+javabean+jsp实现简单的用户登录（三）

前言：

这篇文章是讲怎么把从浏览器端实现用户登录改为从android手机客户端实现用户登录。对于Android上的网络请求处理我们使用的是OkHttp，这是一个非常好的开源网络请求框架。
这是OkHttp的项目主页：https://github.com/square/okhttp

在这篇文章之前还有两篇博客，里面讲了服务器搭建的一些比较基础的知识。（前两篇博客里面java工程都是使用eclipse开发的，这次使用的是Idea，不过这并没有太大影响）

服务器搭建：servlet+dao+javabean+jsp实现简单的用户登录（一）
服务器搭建：servlet+dao+javabean+jsp实现简单的用户登录（二）

Android使用语言：Kotlin

Android端

1、引入OkHttp到项目中

在Module的gradle里面添加上

compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.8.1'

Module的Gradle如图：

2、登录界面

xml里面主要有两个EditText用来得到用户的输入：account和password
除此之外还有一个button，用来确认登录，以及一个progressBar。当我们在通过网络和服务器交互的时候，progressBar显示，交互结束，progressBar消失。

activity_login.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:gravity="center_horizontal"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.example.xiaojun.blog.activity.LoginActivity">

    <!-- Login progress -->
    <ProgressBar
        android:id="@+id/login_progress"
        style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleLarge"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginBottom="8dp"
        android:visibility="gone" />

    <ScrollView
        android:id="@+id/login_form"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

        <LinearLayout
            android:id="@+id/email_login_form"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="vertical">

            <android.support.design.widget.TextInputLayout
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content">

                <AutoCompleteTextView
                    android:id="@+id/email"
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                    android:hint="@string/prompt_email"
                    android:inputType="textEmailAddress"
                    android:maxLines="1"
                    android:singleLine="true" />

            </android.support.design.widget.TextInputLayout>

            <android.support.design.widget.TextInputLayout
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content">

                <EditText
                    android:id="@+id/password"
                    android:layout_width="match_parent"
                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                    android:hint="@string/prompt_password"
                    android:imeActionId="6"
                    android:imeActionLabel="@string/action_sign_in_short"
                    android:imeOptions="actionUnspecified"
                    android:inputType="textPassword"
                    android:maxLines="1"
                    android:singleLine="true" />

            </android.support.design.widget.TextInputLayout>

            <Button
                android:id="@+id/email_sign_in_button"
                style="?android:textAppearanceSmall"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
                android:text="@string/action_sign_in"
                android:textStyle="bold" />

        </LinearLayout>
    </ScrollView>
</LinearLayout>

LoginActivity.kt

这是登录界面的代码部分。里面主要进行的工作是对用户的输入进行简单检测。当检测通过的时候，它会执行setRequestToServer（）这个方法，从而把用户输入的数据提交给服务器。服务器对提交的数据进行处理之后，再返回结果。然后LoginActivity.kt根据服务器返回的结果来决定下一步操作：

• 1、提示无法访问服务器
• 2、登录成功，跳转到欢迎界面
• 3、用户名或密码错误

下面是一些比较主要的代码：

setRequestToServer（）

    //把登录信息发送给服务器
    private fun setRequestToServer(account: String, password: String) {
        //新建Okhttp客户端
        val client = OkHttpClient()
        /**
         * 添加post参数  （post方式是把2提交内容放到报文里面，相比Get方式更为安全）
         * 这里添加参数的方式是键值对，当我们在服务器上对参数解析时还要依赖我们现在使用的KEY
         */
        val requestBody = FormBody.Builder()
                .add("account", account)
                .add("password", password)
                .add("from","android")  //区别网页请求和客户端请求
                .build()
        val request = Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .post(requestBody)
                .build()

        val call = client.newCall(request)
        //请求加入调度，当请求处理完成之后会调用这这个接口。
        call.enqueue(object : Callback {
            override fun onResponse(call: Call?, response: Response?) {
//                showProgress(false)  //停止显示进度条
                /**
                 * 对于我们的登录请求，服务器有两种返回结果
                 * 第一种是返回Deny，代表用户名或者密码错误
                 * 第二种是根据account返回用户的用户名
                 */
                val retString = response?.body()?.string()
                Log.e("LoginActivity","response "+ retString)
                if (retString?.trim().equals("Deny")) {  //拒绝登录
                    handler?.sendEmptyMessage(DENY)
                } else {
                    accountName = retString+""
                    handler?.sendEmptyMessage(ADMIT)
                }
            }

            override fun onFailure(call: Call?, e: IOException?) {
                handler?.sendEmptyMessage(ERROR)
                Log.e("LoginActivity","e "+e)
            }
        })
    }

handleMessage

       handler = @SuppressLint("HandlerLeak")
        object :Handler(){
            override fun handleMessage(msg: Message?) {
                super.handleMessage(msg)
                when (msg?.what){
                    ADMIT->{  //允许登录
                        showProgress(false)
                        val intent = Intent(this@LoginActivity, WelcomActivity::class.java)
                        intent.putExtra("account", accountName)   //用户账户
                        startActivity(intent)
                    }
                    DENY->{  //拒绝登录
                        showProgress(false)
                        Toast.makeText(this@LoginActivity, "用户名或密码错误", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
                    }
                    ERROR->{
                        showProgress(false)
                        Toast.makeText(this@LoginActivity, "连接服务器失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
                    }
                }
            }
        }

LoginActivity.kt的全部代码

/**
 * A login screen that offers login via email/password.
 */
class LoginActivity : AppCompatActivity(), LoaderCallbacks<Cursor> {

    private val ADMIT = 1
    private val DENY = 2
    private val ERROR = -1

    private val url = "http://172.24.10.197:9594/LoginServlet"
    private var handler: Handler? = null
    private var accountName = ""

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_login)
        // Set up the login form.
        populateAutoComplete()
        password.setOnEditorActionListener(TextView.OnEditorActionListener { _, id, _ ->
            if (id == EditorInfo.IME_ACTION_DONE || id == EditorInfo.IME_NULL) {
                attemptLogin()
                return@OnEditorActionListener true
            }
            false
        })

        //点击登录按钮之后开始尝试登录
        email_sign_in_button.setOnClickListener { attemptLogin() }

        handler = @SuppressLint("HandlerLeak")
        object :Handler(){
            override fun handleMessage(msg: Message?) {
                super.handleMessage(msg)
                when (msg?.what){
                    ADMIT->{  //允许登录
                        showProgress(false)
                        val intent = Intent(this@LoginActivity, WelcomActivity::class.java)
                        intent.putExtra("account", accountName)   //用户账户
                        startActivity(intent)
                    }
                    DENY->{  //拒绝登录
                        showProgress(false)
                        Toast.makeText(this@LoginActivity, "用户名或密码错误", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
                    }
                    ERROR->{
                        showProgress(false)
                        Toast.makeText(this@LoginActivity, "连接服务器失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show()
                    }
                }
            }
        }

    }

    private fun populateAutoComplete() {
        if (!mayRequestContacts()) {
            return
        }

        loaderManager.initLoader(0, null, this)
    }

    //请求读取联系人权限
    private fun mayRequestContacts(): Boolean {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            return true
        }
        if (checkSelfPermission(READ_CONTACTS) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            return true
        }
        if (shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(READ_CONTACTS)) {
            Snackbar.make(email, R.string.permission_rationale, Snackbar.LENGTH_INDEFINITE)
                    .setAction(android.R.string.ok,
                            { requestPermissions(arrayOf(READ_CONTACTS), REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS) })
        } else {
            requestPermissions(arrayOf(READ_CONTACTS), REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS)
        }
        return false
    }

    /**
     * Callback received when a permissions request has been completed.
     */
    override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: Int, permissions: Array<String>,
                                            grantResults: IntArray) {
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS) {
            if (grantResults.size == 1 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                populateAutoComplete()
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 点击登录按钮之后进行的一系列检测以及发送验证等操作
     */
    private fun attemptLogin() {

        // Reset errors.
        email.error = null
        password.error = null

        // Store values at the time of the login attempt.
        val emailStr = email.text.toString()
        val passwordStr = password.text.toString()

        var cancel = false
        var focusView: View? = null

        // Check for a valid password, if the user entered one.
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(passwordStr) && !isPasswordValid(passwordStr)) {
            password.error = getString(R.string.error_invalid_password)
            focusView = password
            cancel = true
        }

        // Check for a valid email address.
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(emailStr)) {
            email.error = getString(R.string.error_field_required)
            focusView = email
            cancel = true
        } else if (!isEmailValid(emailStr)) {
            email.error = getString(R.string.error_invalid_email)
            focusView = email
            cancel = true
        }

        if (cancel) {
            // There was an error; don't attempt login and focus the first
            // form field with an error.
            focusView?.requestFocus()
        } else {
            showProgress(true)
            setRequestToServer(emailStr, passwordStr)  //将用户填写的email和password提交到服务器进行验证
        }
    }

    //把登录信息发送给服务器
    private fun setRequestToServer(account: String, password: String) {
        //新建Okhttp客户端
        val client = OkHttpClient()
        /**
         * 添加post参数  （post方式是把2提交内容放到报文里面，相比Get方式更为安全）
         * 这里添加参数的方式是键值对，当我们在服务器上对参数解析时还要依赖我们现在使用的KEY
         */
        val requestBody = FormBody.Builder()
                .add("account", account)
                .add("password", password)
                .add("from","android")  //区别网页请求和客户端请求
                .build()
        val request = Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .post(requestBody)
                .build()

        val call = client.newCall(request)
        //请求加入调度，当请求处理完成之后会调用这这个接口。
        call.enqueue(object : Callback {
            override fun onResponse(call: Call?, response: Response?) {
//                showProgress(false)  //停止显示进度条
                /**
                 * 对于我们的登录请求，服务器有两种返回结果
                 * 第一种是返回Deny，代表用户名或者密码错误
                 * 第二种是根据account返回用户的用户名
                 */
                val retString = response?.body()?.string()
                Log.e("LoginActivity","response "+ retString)
                if (retString?.trim().equals("Deny")) {  //拒绝登录
                    handler?.sendEmptyMessage(DENY)
                } else {
                    accountName = retString+""
                    handler?.sendEmptyMessage(ADMIT)
                }
            }

            override fun onFailure(call: Call?, e: IOException?) {
                handler?.sendEmptyMessage(ERROR)
                Log.e("LoginActivity","e "+e)
            }
        })
    }

    //可以使用正则表达式来大致检测邮箱是否合法
    private fun isEmailValid(email: String): Boolean {
        return email.contains("@")
    }

    //密码的长度在6-20位之间
    private fun isPasswordValid(password: String): Boolean {
        return password.length in 6..20
    }


    /**
     * 进度条的显示和隐藏
     */
    @SuppressLint("ObsoleteSdkInt")
    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB_MR2)
    private fun showProgress(show: Boolean) {
        // On Honeycomb MR2 we have the ViewPropertyAnimator APIs, which allow
        // for very easy animations. If available, use these APIs to fade-in
        // the progress spinner.
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB_MR2) {
            val shortAnimTime = resources.getInteger(android.R.integer.config_shortAnimTime).toLong()

            login_form.visibility = if (show) View.GONE else View.VISIBLE
            login_form.animate()
                    .setDuration(shortAnimTime)
                    .alpha((if (show) 0 else 1).toFloat())
                    .setListener(object : AnimatorListenerAdapter() {
                        override fun onAnimationEnd(animation: Animator) {
                            login_form.visibility = if (show) View.GONE else View.VISIBLE
                        }
                    })

            login_progress.visibility = if (show) View.VISIBLE else View.GONE
            login_progress.animate()
                    .setDuration(shortAnimTime)
                    .alpha((if (show) 1 else 0).toFloat())
                    .setListener(object : AnimatorListenerAdapter() {
                        override fun onAnimationEnd(animation: Animator) {
                            login_progress.visibility = if (show) View.VISIBLE else View.GONE
                        }
                    })
        } else {
            login_progress.visibility = if (show) View.VISIBLE else View.GONE
            login_form.visibility = if (show) View.GONE else View.VISIBLE
        }
    }

    override fun onCreateLoader(i: Int, bundle: Bundle?): Loader<Cursor> {
        return CursorLoader(this,
                // Retrieve data rows for the device user's 'profile' contact.
                Uri.withAppendedPath(ContactsContract.Profile.CONTENT_URI,
                        ContactsContract.Contacts.Data.CONTENT_DIRECTORY), ProfileQuery.PROJECTION,

                // Select only email addresses.
                ContactsContract.Contacts.Data.MIMETYPE + " = ?", arrayOf(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email
                .CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE),

                // Show primary email addresses first. Note that there won't be
                // a primary email address if the user hasn't specified one.
                ContactsContract.Contacts.Data.IS_PRIMARY + " DESC")
    }

    override fun onLoadFinished(cursorLoader: Loader<Cursor>, cursor: Cursor) {
        val emails = ArrayList<String>()
        cursor.moveToFirst()
        while (!cursor.isAfterLast) {
            emails.add(cursor.getString(ProfileQuery.ADDRESS))
            cursor.moveToNext()
        }

        addEmailsToAutoComplete(emails)
    }

    override fun onLoaderReset(cursorLoader: Loader<Cursor>) {

    }

    private fun addEmailsToAutoComplete(emailAddressCollection: List<String>) {
        //Create adapter to tell the AutoCompleteTextView what to show in its dropdown list.
        val adapter = ArrayAdapter(this@LoginActivity,
                android.R.layout.simple_dropdown_item_1line, emailAddressCollection)

        email.setAdapter(adapter)
    }

    object ProfileQuery {
        val PROJECTION = arrayOf(
                ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.ADDRESS,
                ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.IS_PRIMARY)
        val ADDRESS = 0
        val IS_PRIMARY = 1
    }

    companion object {
        private val REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS = 0     //请求读取联系人权限
        private val DUMMY_CREDENTIALS = arrayOf("foo@example.com:hello", "bar@example.com:world")
    }
}

3欢迎界面

activity_welcom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.example.xiaojun.blog.activity.WelcomActivity">


    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="18sp"
        android:text="TextView"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        android:layout_marginStart="8dp"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        android:layout_marginEnd="8dp"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        android:layout_marginBottom="8dp" />
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

WelcomActivity.kt

package com.example.xiaojun.blog.activity

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity
import android.os.Bundle
import com.example.xiaojun.blog.R
import kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.activity_welcom.*

class WelcomActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_welcom)

        val account = intent.getStringExtra("account")
        textView.text = "欢迎："+account
    }
}

4 添加访问网络权限

在manifests里面添加如下代码：

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

服务器端

在上面我们的android端已经可以和服务器交互数据了。我们的服务器要修改一下内容，以便能够对android端发送的请求做处理。
这里主要的更改其实是对于android端发送的参数做处理，并返回结果给android客户端。

LoginServlet.java

@WebServlet("/LoginServlet")//不要更改
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public LoginServlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    /**
     * doGet   doPost处理的是我们通过客户端发送的post和get请求
     */

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        this.doPost(request, response);  //post方式数据更安全
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        String userAccount;
        String password;
        userAccount = request.getParameter("account");
        password = request.getParameter("password");

        System.out.println("account= " + userAccount + " password = " + password);

        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        String returnToClientString = "";
        try {
            User user = new UserDaoServer().check(userAccount, password);
            if (user != null) {
                returnToClientString = user.getUserName();    //如果验证成功，那么向客户端返回用户昵称
            } else {
                returnToClientString = "Deny";
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (returnToClientString.length() < 1) {
                returnToClientString = "Deny";
            }
        }
        out.println(returnToClientString);    //向客户端回执数据
        out.flush();
        out.close();
    }

    public void init() throws ServletException {
        // Put your code here
    }

    /**
     * Destruction of the servlet. <br>
     */
    public void destroy() {
        super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log

    }

}

服务端代码备注

服务器端的代码与之前的代码相比较更改了一些部分。

1、用户名登录改成邮箱登录
2、LoginServlet从重写service函数更改为重写doPost和doGet函数
其他均不变

更改后的login.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
    pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <title>用户登录</title>
        <style type="text/css">
            dd,dt{
                margin:0;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div id="login" style="margin:300px auto auto auto;width:300px;border: 3px solid red" >
            <form id="form1" name="form1" method="post" action="LoginServlet"><!-- 先空着action，后面我们需要填写对应的servlet-->
                <dl>
                    <dt style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 15px;" >用户登录</dt>
                    <dd style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 10px;"><input type="text" name="account" placeholder="请输入用邮箱" required="required" autofocus="autofocus" class="input-size" /></dd>
                    <dd style="text-align: center;"><input type="password" name="password" placeholder="请输入密码" required="required" class="input-size" /></dd>
                    <dd style="text-align: center; color:red;">${error}</dd>
                    <dd style="text-align: center;margin-top: 15px;"><input type="submit" value="登 录" class="btn-submit" /></dd>
                </dl>
            </form>

        </div>
    </body>
</html>

用例测试

数据库里面的数据

Android端测试

（要用手机连接到自己电脑的wifi，不然访问不到电脑所在Ip）

测试1：

---

输入参数：

Email:123456789@qq.com
Password:123456

测试2：

---

输入参数：

Email:123456789@qq.com
Password:123456789

网页端测试

网页就没有测试错误情况了，只测试了正确输入

对于博客中可能出现的错误，欢迎大家指出！如果大家有疑问，欢迎提问！

源码链接：http://download.csdn.net/download/qq_27856623/9947107