【深度学习】AI学习基础

目录

1 Python的内存管理

2 Python的所有对象均可用于布尔测试，且任何值为0的数字对象的布尔值是False

3 Python字符串

4 字典

5 Python语句

6 Python语言为解析执行或解释执行，与边编译和边执行不同

7 Python语言块的划分是以缩进完成的

8 函数返回值

9 Python 类

---

1 Python的内存管理

1 Python可以使用del释放资源：

 

list0 = [1, 2, 3]
del(list0[0])
print(list0)

2 变量不必事先声明

3 变量无需指定类型：Python为弱类型语言，如下变量a可以被修改为任意类型

a = 1
print(a, type(a))
a = 2.1
print(a, type(a))
a = [1, 2, 3]
print(a, type(a))

2 Python的所有对象均可用于布尔测试，且任何值为0的数字对象的布尔值是False

list1 = [0, 0]
print(bool({}))
print(bool(list1[1]))

3 Python字符串

1 Python字符串并不以\0作为结束

print("asdfsadf\0asdfas") #anaconda3 & pycharm打印结果: asdfsadfasdfas

2 即可使用单引号创建字符串，也可使用双引号创建字符串（主要是方便打印 ' 或者 " ）；三引号字符串可以包含换行回车等特殊符号；可使用转义符“ \ ”打印字符“ “ ”；可使用“ * ”对字符串进行复制；r 可以取消转义符生效

print('a"b')    # 打印结果：a"b
print("a'b")    # 打印结果：a'b


print("""a     
b
""")
打印结果：
a
b

print("a\"b")   # 打印结果：a"b

print("ab" + "c" * 2)    #打印结果：abcc

print(r"hello\nworld")    # r 取消\n生效。打印结果：hello\nworld

3 字符串的相关操作

#查找
a = "Hello"
a.index([目标字符串], [开始位置], [结束位置])#若不存在该字符串则报错，查找区间左闭右开
a.find([目标字符串], [开始位置], [结束位置])#若不存在则返回-1，查找区间左闭右开

print(a.index("llo", 1, len(a)))	#打印结果：2
print(a.index("llo", 2, 4))         #报错：ValueError: substring not found
print(a.find("llo"))	            #打印结果：2
print(a.find("llo",  2, 4))	        #打印结果：-1



#切片操作：
a[start : end : step] -> a[开始位置 : 结束位置 ：步长]
                         开始位置不填时默认为0
                         结束位置不填时默认为len(a)
                         步长不填时默认为1    
print(a[1 : ])        #打印结果：ello word
print(a[ : 3])        #区间左闭右开[0, 3)，打印结果：Hel    
print(a[ : : 2])      #打印结果：Hlowr
print(a[1 : 4 : 2])   #区间左闭右开[1, 4)，打印结果el

4 格式化打印

{}为占位符 可将变量放入其中进行格式化打印

name = "Phil"
age = 23
print(f"Hello, {name}. You are {age}.")     #打印结果：Hello, Phil. You are 23.
print(f"\"{name}\" \"{age}\"!")		    #py3.7以后，打印结果："Phil" "23"!

4 字典

因字典的key要求不可变，可以使用元组(tuple)作为字典的key，但不能使用list作为元组的键

print({(1, 2, 3) : "a"})    #打印结果：{(1, 2, 3): 'a'}
print({[1, 2, 4] : "a"})    #报错：TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'

不可变类型：整型、浮点型、字符串、元组，在传入函数时只是值传递

5 Python语句

python 无三目运算符

x = 1
y = 2
min = x if x < y else y    
print(min)                 #打印结果：1
max = x > y ? x : y        #报错：SyntaxError: invalid syntax

6 Python语言为解析执行或解释执行，与边编译和边执行不同

解释：在运行过程中才会被翻译成目标CPU指令

编译：将高级语言翻译成机器码，生成可执行文件

详解：https://blog.csdn.net/Mr_Cat123/article/details/78697655

7 Python语言块的划分是以缩进完成的

8 函数返回值

def fun():
    pass
print(fun())     #打印结果：None

9 Python 类

1 自定义类默认继承object系统类

Pycharm里面 Ctrl+鼠标左键 点击object查看：

class object:
    """ The most base type """
    def __delattr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Implement delattr(self, name). """
        pass

    def __dir__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Default dir() implementation. """
        pass

    def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self==value. """
        pass

    def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Default object formatter. """
        pass

    def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return getattr(self, name). """
        pass

    def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>=value. """
        pass

    def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>value. """
        pass

    def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return hash(self). """
        pass

    def __init_subclass__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        This method is called when a class is subclassed.
        
        The default implementation does nothing. It may be
        overridden to extend subclasses.
        """
        pass

    def __init__(self): # known special case of object.__init__
        """ Initialize self.  See help(type(self)) for accurate signature. """
        pass

    def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<=value. """
        pass

    def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<value. """
        pass

    @staticmethod # known case of __new__
    def __new__(cls, *more): # known special case of object.__new__
        """ Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature. """
        pass

    def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self!=value. """
        pass

    def __reduce_ex__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Helper for pickle. """
        pass

    def __reduce__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Helper for pickle. """
        pass

    def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return repr(self). """
        pass

    def __setattr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Implement setattr(self, name, value). """
        pass

    def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Size of object in memory, in bytes. """
        pass

    def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return str(self). """
        pass

    @classmethod # known case
    def __subclasshook__(cls, subclass): # known special case of object.__subclasshook__
        """
        Abstract classes can override this to customize issubclass().
        
        This is invoked early on by abc.ABCMeta.__subclasscheck__().
        It should return True, False or NotImplemented.  If it returns
        NotImplemented, the normal algorithm is used.  Otherwise, it
        overrides the normal algorithm (and the outcome is cached).
        """
        pass

    __class__ = None # (!) forward: type, real value is "<class 'type'>"
    __dict__ = {}
    __doc__ = ''
    __module__ = ''

2 类的实例方法必须创建对象后才可以调用

3 类的类方法可以使用对象和类名来调用

4 类的静态属性可以用类名和对象来调用

5 类中的方法第一个参数是指向当前对象的指针self，可以重命名self为任意标识符