讲讲 MVC、MVVM、MVP,以及你在项目里具体是怎么写的?
你自己用过哪些设计模式?
一般开始做一个项目,你的架构是如何思考的?
1:何为架构?
2:MVC - Apple版
3:MVC – 变种
4:MVP
5:MVVM
6: 三层架构
7: 四层架构
8: 设计模式
1:何为架构?
- 架构(Architecture)
软件开发中的设计方案
类与类之间的关系、模块与模块之间的关系、客户端与服务端的关系 。架构可大可小。
- 经常听到的架构名词
MVC、MVP、MVVM、VIPER、CDD
三层架构、四层架构
......
2:MVC - Apple版
Model-View-Controller
model和view不相互知道,只有vc知道并知道怎么使用。这里view的属性都在外面,进行赋值,并不会把model拿到view内部赋值。
优点:View、Model可以重复利用,可以独立使用。
缺点:Controller的代码过于臃肿
// 控制器 主要逻辑都在这里
#import "MJNewsViewController.h"
#import "MJNews.h"
#import "MJShop.h"
@interface MJNewsViewController ()
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSMutableArray *newsData;
@property (strong, nonatomic) NSMutableArray *shopData;
@end
@implementation MJNewsViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// [self loadNewsData];
[self loadShopData];
}
- (void)loadShopData
{
self.shopData = [NSMutableArray array];
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
MJShop *shop = [[MJShop alloc] init];
shop.name = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"商品-%d", i];
shop.price = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"¥19.%d", i];
[self.shopData addObject:shop];
}
}
- (void)loadNewsData
{
self.newsData = [NSMutableArray array];
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
MJNews *news = [[MJNews alloc] init];
news.title = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"news-title-%d", i];
news.content = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"news-content-%d", i];
[self.newsData addObject:news];
}
}
#pragma mark - Table view data source
- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section {
return self.shopData.count;
}
- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath {
UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:@"NewsCell" forIndexPath:indexPath];
MJShop *shop = self.shopData[indexPath.row];
cell.detailTextLabel.text = shop.price;
cell.textLabel.text = shop.name;
return cell;
}
#pragma mark - UITableViewDelegate
- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
NSLog(@"1111");
}
@end
3:MVC – 变种
Model-View-Controller
一个view拥有一个模型,赋值逻辑在view内部进行处理,而且外部不知道view的内部空间和逻辑是什么。view做自己的事情。更具有封装性。
优点:对Controller进行瘦身,将View内部的细节封装起来了,外界不知道View内部的具体实现
缺点:View依赖于Model
view内部的逻辑和其余子view的事件 可以由控制器来控制操作
// 控制器
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "MJApp.h"
#import "MJAppView.h"
@interface ViewController () <MJAppViewDelegate>
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// 创建view
MJAppView *appView = [[MJAppView alloc] init];
appView.frame = CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 150);
appView.delegate = self;
[self.view addSubview:appView];
// 加载模型数据
MJApp *app = [[MJApp alloc] init];
app.name = @"QQ";
app.image = @"QQ";
// 设置数据到view上
appView.app = app;
// appView.iconView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:app.image];
// appView.nameLabel.text = app.name;
}
#pragma mark - MJAppViewDelegate
- (void)appViewDidClick:(MJAppView *)appView
{
NSLog(@"控制器监听到了appView的点击");
}
@end
// view
@class MJApp, MJAppView;
@protocol MJAppViewDelegate <NSObject>
@optional
- (void)appViewDidClick:(MJAppView *)appView;
@end
@interface MJAppView : UIView
.......
@property (weak, nonatomic) id<MJAppViewDelegate> delegate;
@end
@class MJApp, MJAppView;
@protocol MJAppViewDelegate <NSObject>
@optional
- (void)appViewDidClick:(MJAppView *)appView;
@end
@interface MJAppView : UIView
@property (strong, nonatomic) MJApp *app;
@property (weak, nonatomic) id<MJAppViewDelegate> delegate;
@end
@implementation MJAppView
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) {
UIImageView *iconView = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
iconView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100);
[self addSubview:iconView];
_iconView = iconView;
UILabel *nameLabel = [[UILabel alloc] init];
nameLabel.frame = CGRectMake(0, 100, 100, 30);
nameLabel.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
[self addSubview:nameLabel];
_nameLabel = nameLabel;
}
return self;
}
- (void)setApp:(MJApp *)app
{
_app = app;
self.iconView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:app.image];
self.nameLabel.text = app.name;
}
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(appViewDidClick:)]) {
[self.delegate appViewDidClick:self];
}
}
@end
4:MVP
Model-View-Presenter
这种状态下,view也是不知道model的存在的
// 在vc中调用presenter
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "MJAppPresenter.h"
@interface ViewController ()
// 根据业务逻辑不同,这里可以设置不同的presenter
@property (strong, nonatomic) MJAppPresenter *presenter;
//@property (strong, nonatomic) MJOtherPresenter *presenter1;
//@property (strong, nonatomic) MJNewsPresenter *presenter2;
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
self.presenter = [[MJAppPresenter alloc] initWithController:self];
}
@end
// 模型
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface MJApp : NSObject
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *name;
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *image;
@end
// appview
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@class MJAppView;
@protocol MJAppViewDelegate <NSObject>
@optional
- (void)appViewDidClick:(MJAppView *)appView;
@end
@interface MJAppView : UIView
- (void)setName:(NSString *)name andImage:(NSString *)image;
@property (weak, nonatomic) id<MJAppViewDelegate> delegate;
@end
#import "MJAppView.h"
@interface MJAppView()
@property (weak, nonatomic) UIImageView *iconView;
@property (weak, nonatomic) UILabel *nameLabel;
@end
@implementation MJAppView
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) {
UIImageView *iconView = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
iconView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100);
[self addSubview:iconView];
_iconView = iconView;
UILabel *nameLabel = [[UILabel alloc] init];
nameLabel.frame = CGRectMake(0, 100, 100, 30);
nameLabel.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
[self addSubview:nameLabel];
_nameLabel = nameLabel;
}
return self;
}
- (void)setName:(NSString *)name andImage:(NSString *)image
{
_iconView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:image];
_nameLabel.text = name;
}
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(appViewDidClick:)]) {
[self.delegate appViewDidClick:self];
}
}
@end
// presenter
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@interface MJAppPresenter : NSObject
- (instancetype)initWithController:(UIViewController *)controller;
@end
#import "MJAppPresenter.h"
#import "MJApp.h"
#import "MJAppView.h"
@interface MJAppPresenter() <MJAppViewDelegate>
@property (weak, nonatomic) UIViewController *controller;
@end
@implementation MJAppPresenter
- (instancetype)initWithController:(UIViewController *)controller
{
if (self = [super init]) {
self.controller = controller;
// 创建View
MJAppView *appView = [[MJAppView alloc] init];
appView.frame = CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 150);
appView.delegate = self;
[controller.view addSubview:appView];
// 加载模型数据
MJApp *app = [[MJApp alloc] init];
app.name = @"QQ";
app.image = @"QQ";
// 赋值数据
[appView setName:app.name andImage:app.image];
// appView.iconView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:app.image];
// appView.nameLabel.text = app.name;
}
return self;
}
#pragma mark - MJAppViewDelegate
- (void)appViewDidClick:(MJAppView *)appView
{
NSLog(@"presenter 监听了 appView 的点击");
}
@end
5:MVVM
Model-View-ViewModel
跟mvp很像的是:把view和模型的业务关系扔到viewmodel中,控制器只需要管理好viewmodel即可。
不太一样的地方是:属性监听绑定的问题。view可以监听viewmodel里面数据的改变,一旦数据改变,view显示的就会更新。
//控制器调用 当viewmodel多了就在这里多创建几个即可
#import "ViewController.h"
#import "MJAppViewModel.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@property (strong, nonatomic) MJAppViewModel *viewModel;
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
self.viewModel = [[MJAppViewModel alloc] initWithController:self];
}
@end
// viewmodel 比较重要的模块 管理着view和model的逻辑和创建
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@interface MJAppViewModel : NSObject
- (instancetype)initWithController:(UIViewController *)controller;
@end
#import "MJAppViewModel.h"
#import "MJApp.h"
#import "MJAppView.h"
@interface MJAppViewModel() <MJAppViewDelegate>
@property (weak, nonatomic) UIViewController *controller;
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *name;
@property (copy, nonatomic) NSString *image;
@end
@implementation MJAppViewModel
- (instancetype)initWithController:(UIViewController *)controller
{
if (self = [super init]) {
self.controller = controller;
// 创建View
MJAppView *appView = [[MJAppView alloc] init];
appView.frame = CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 150);
appView.delegate = self;
appView.viewModel = self;
[controller.view addSubview:appView];
// 加载模型数据
MJApp *app = [[MJApp alloc] init];
app.name = @"QQ";
app.image = @"QQ";
// 设置数据
self.name = app.name;
self.image = app.image;
}
return self;
}
#pragma mark - MJAppViewDelegate
- (void)appViewDidClick:(MJAppView *)appView
{
NSLog(@"viewModel 监听了 appView 的点击");
}
@end
// view的处理,这里也非常重要,需要拿到及时更新的数据进行kvo通知在这里进行修改
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@class MJAppView, MJAppViewModel;
@protocol MJAppViewDelegate <NSObject>
@optional
- (void)appViewDidClick:(MJAppView *)appView;
@end
@interface MJAppView : UIView
@property (weak, nonatomic) MJAppViewModel *viewModel;
@property (weak, nonatomic) id<MJAppViewDelegate> delegate;
@end
#import "MJAppView.h"
#import "NSObject+FBKVOController.h"
@interface MJAppView()
@property (weak, nonatomic) UIImageView *iconView;
@property (weak, nonatomic) UILabel *nameLabel;
@end
@implementation MJAppView
- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(CGRect)frame
{
if (self = [super initWithFrame:frame]) {
UIImageView *iconView = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
iconView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 100);
[self addSubview:iconView];
_iconView = iconView;
UILabel *nameLabel = [[UILabel alloc] init];
nameLabel.frame = CGRectMake(0, 100, 100, 30);
nameLabel.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
[self addSubview:nameLabel];
_nameLabel = nameLabel;
}
return self;
}
- (void)setViewModel:(MJAppViewModel *)viewModel
{
_viewModel = viewModel;
__weak typeof(self) waekSelf = self;
// facebook的kvo。 监听 :FBKVOController
[self.KVOController observe:viewModel keyPath:@"name" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew block:^(id _Nullable observer, id _Nonnull object, NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> * _Nonnull change) {
waekSelf.nameLabel.text = change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey];
}];
[self.KVOController observe:viewModel keyPath:@"image" options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew block:^(id _Nullable observer, id _Nonnull object, NSDictionary<NSKeyValueChangeKey,id> * _Nonnull change) {
waekSelf.iconView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:change[NSKeyValueChangeNewKey]];
}];
}
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(appViewDidClick:)]) {
[self.delegate appViewDidClick:self];
}
}
@end
6: 三层架构
7: 四层架构
8: 设计模式
是类和类之间的关系,是一种思路
- 设计模式(Design Pattern)
是一套被反复使用、代码设计经验的总结
使用设计模式的好处是:可重用代码、让代码更容易被他人理解、保证代码可靠性
一般与编程语言无关,是一套比较成熟的编程思想
- 设计模式可以分为三大类
创建型模式:对象实例化的模式,用于解耦对象的实例化过程
单例模式、工厂方法模式,等等
结构型模式:把类或对象结合在一起形成一个更大的结构
代理模式、适配器模式、组合模式、装饰模式,等等
行为型模式:类或对象之间如何交互,及划分责任和算法
观察者模式(kvo底层)、命令模式、责任链模式,等等
- 数据结构与算法
严蔚敏,《数据结构》
《大话数据结构与算法》
- 网络
《HTTP权威指南》
《TCP/IP详解卷1:协议》
- 架构与设计模式
https://github.com/skyming/Trip-to-iOS-Design-Patterns
https://design-patterns.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/