UVA 10518

题意:
F(0)=0,F(1)=1;
F(n)=F(i-1)+F(i-2)
假设F(n)是一个函数,求调用函数的调用次数
思路:
很明显F(0)=F(1)=1;
F(n)=F(i-1)+F(i-2)+1
然后矩阵快速幂…

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<math.h>
#include<queue>
#include<stack>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<map>
#include<set>
using namespace std;
#define lowbit(x) (x&(-x))
typedef long long LL;
const int maxn = 100005;
const int inf=(1<<28)-1;
#define Matrix_Size 5
LL MOD;
int Size;
struct Matrix
{
    LL mat[Matrix_Size][Matrix_Size];
    void clear()
    {
        memset(mat,0,sizeof(mat));
    }
    void output()
    {
        for(int i = 0;i < Size;i++)
        {
            for(int j = 0;j < Size;j++)
                printf("%d ",mat[i][j]);
            printf("\n");
        }
    }
    Matrix operator *(const Matrix &b)const
    {
        Matrix ret;
        for(int i = 0;i < Size;i++)
            for(int j = 0;j < Size;j++)
            {
                ret.mat[i][j] = 0;
                for(int k = 0;k < Size;k++)
                {
                    long long tmp = (long long)mat[i][k]*b.mat[k][j]%MOD;
                    ret.mat[i][j] = (ret.mat[i][j]+tmp);
                    if(ret.mat[i][j]>=MOD)
                        ret.mat[i][j] -= MOD;
                    if(ret.mat[i][j]<0)//注意是否需要MOD 
                        ret.mat[i][j] += MOD;
                }
            }
        return ret;
    }
};
Matrix pow_M(Matrix a,long long n)
{
    Matrix ret;
    ret.clear();
    for(int i = 0;i < Size;i++)
        ret.mat[i][i] = 1;
    Matrix tmp = a;
    while(n)
    {
        if(n&1)ret = ret*tmp;
        tmp = tmp*tmp;
        n>>=1;
    }
    return ret;
}

int main()
{
    LL n;
    int Case=0;
    while(~scanf("%lld%lld",&n,&MOD)&&!(n==0&&MOD==0))
    {
        printf("Case %d: %lld %lld ",++Case,n,MOD);
        Size=3;
        Matrix A,B;
        A.clear();B.clear();
        A.mat[0][0]=1,A.mat[0][1]=1,A.mat[0][2]=1;
        A.mat[1][0]=1;
        A.mat[2][2]=1;
        B.mat[0][0]=1;B.mat[1][0]=1;B.mat[2][0]=1;
        if(n==1||n==0)
        {
            printf("%d\n",1%MOD);
            continue;
        }
        A=pow_M(A,n-1);
        A=A*B;
        printf("%lld\n",A.mat[0][0]);
    }
    return 0;
}