Servlet的Filter

Filter

用于对用户请求进行预处理或者对响应进行后处理，是个典型的处理链

Filter与Servlet的区别

Filter不能直接向用户生成响应。

完整的流程是：Filter对用户请求进行预处理，接着将请求交给Servlet进行处理并生成响应，最后Filter再对服务器响应进行后处理。

Filter的创建

• 建Filter处理类
• web.xml文件中配置Filter

在web.xml配置Filter

• init-param元素：为该Filter配置初始化参数，这里设置的初始值会封装在Filter的init()方法的FilterConfig参数中。

  • param-name子元素：指定参数名。
  • param-value子元素：指定参数值。

• filter-mapping的在web.xml中的顺序决定Filter的过滤顺序。

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
  <filter>
    <filter-name>AFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>test.AFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>name</param-name>
      <param-value>AFilter</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter>
    <filter-name>BFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>test.BFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>BFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>AFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>test.MyServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/MyServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

MyServlet.java

public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet{
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println(req.getAttribute("name")+"write in MyServlet");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req,resp);
    }
}

AFilter.java

public class AFilter implements Filter{

    private FilterConfig config=null;

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("AFilter initing");
        this.config=filterConfig;
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("before invoke AFilter's chain.doFilter() ");
        HttpServletRequest HservletRequest=(HttpServletRequest)servletRequest;
        servletRequest.setAttribute("name",config.getInitParameter("name"));
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("after invoke AFilter's chain.doFilter() ");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        this.config=null;
        System.out.println("AFilter destroy");
    }
}

BFilter.java

public class BFilter implements Filter{

    private FilterConfig config=null;

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("BFilter initing");
        this.config=filterConfig;
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        System.out.println("before invoke BFilter's chain.doFilter() ");
        filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse);
        System.out.println("after invoke BFilter's chain.doFilter() ");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        this.config=null;
        System.out.println("BFilter destroy");
    }
}

访问该Servlet，在控制台的输出

//Filter在WEB应用加载时就进行了初始化，两个Filter的初始化顺序如下
BFilter initing
AFilter initing
//访问Serlvet时的，过滤顺序如下
before invoke BFilter's chain.doFilter() 
before invoke AFilter's chain.doFilter() 
AFilterwrite in MyServlet
after invoke AFilter's chain.doFilter() 
after invoke BFilter's chain.doFilter() 
//卸载WEB应用时，Filter的销毁顺序
BFilter destroy
AFilter destroy