java操作xml笔记

XML  (Extensible Markup Language 可扩展标记语言) 

1，XML是一种标记语言，很像HTML；

2，XML的设计宗旨是传输数据，而非显示数据；

3，XML标签没有被预定义，需要自定义标签；

4，XML被设计为具有自我描述性；

5，XML是W3C的推荐标准；

XML和HTML的不同：XML焦点是数据内容，传输信息；HTML焦点是外观，显示信息；

XML语法规则

省略关闭标签是非法的，所有元素都必须有关闭标签

xml 标签对大小写敏感

xml 必须正确嵌套

xml 文档必须有根元素

xml 的属性值必须加引号

xml 中，空格会被保留

示例：

使用java读取XML

创建一个示例xml：

<span style="font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<languages cat="it">
    <lan id="1">
        <name>Java</name>
        <ide>Intellij IDEA</ide>
    </lan>
    <lan id="2">
        <name>Swift</name>
        <ide>Xcode</ide>
    </lan>
    <lan id="3">
        <name>C#</name>
        <ide>Visual Studio</ide>
    </lan>
</languages></span>

读取xml类：

<span style="font-size:18px;">import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * Created by MaFei on 2016/6/12 0012.
 */
public class ReadXml {

    //DOM方式解析xml
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {

            DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();

            //使用builder解析xml文档
            Document document = builder.parse(new File("languages.xml"));
            Element root = document.getDocumentElement();//获取文档根元素，即languages标签
            //查看languags标签中的属性
            System.out.println("语言类型 cat : " + root.getAttribute("cat"));

            NodeList list = root.getElementsByTagName("lan");//获取lan标签集合

            //循环遍历lan标签
            for (int i = 0; i < list.getLength(); i++){
                Element lan = (Element) list.item(i);
                System.out.println("-------------");
                System.out.println("id = " + lan.getAttribute("id"));

                //获取lan下所有子节点
                NodeList cList = lan.getChildNodes();
                for (int j = 0; j < cList.getLength(); j++){
                    Node c = cList.item(j);
                    if (c instanceof Element){
                        //查看节点标签名和标签中的内容
                        System.out.println(c.getNodeName() + " = " + c.getTextContent());
                    }
                }
            }


        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}</span>

java创建XML

<span style="font-size:18px;">import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.StringWriter;

/**
 * Created by MaFei on 2016/6/12 0012.
 */
public class CreateXML {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {

            DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();

            //创建xml
            Document document = builder.newDocument();

            //创建根节点并添加属性
            Element root = document.createElement("Languages");
            root.setAttribute("cat","it");

            Element lan1 = document.createElement("lan");
            lan1.setAttribute("id", "1");
            Element name1 = document.createElement("name");
            Element ide1 = document.createElement("ide");
            name1.setTextContent("Java");
            ide1.setTextContent("Intellij IDEA");

            //将子节点添加进父节点
            lan1.appendChild(name1);
            lan1.appendChild(ide1);

            root.appendChild(lan1);

            document.appendChild(root);

            //----文档内容创建完毕，将xml文档转换成其他格式
            TransformerFactory transformerFactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
            Transformer transformer = transformerFactory.newTransformer();
            StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
            transformer.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(writer));

            //查看生成的String
            System.out.println(writer.toString());

            //生成文件
            transformer.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(new File("new xml")));
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TransformerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}</span>

最后感谢Acely老师的精彩讲解！