为了达到解耦的目的,一个类应当只做一件事,例如,用户进行注册时,需要创建注册相关的类,来完成注册事务。但是,如果注册成功时,还需要发送验证邮件,以及手机校验码,很多人为了方便,直接在注册类中将发送邮件和发送短信的代码一并写入。这样做会导致后面维护的困难,耦合性高。
我们可以通过事件发布来达到解耦的目的,事件的原理如下。
事件的发布者发布事件,事件的监听这对对应的事件进行监听,当监听到对应的事件时,就会触发调用相关的方法。因此,在事件处理中,事件是核心,是事件发布者和事件监听者的桥梁。
对应到上面的案例,我们可以在用户注册成功后发布事件,事件监听者监听到用户注册成功的事件后,触发发送邮件和发送短信的业务。由于要触发发送邮件和短信,因此要从事件发布者那里获取对应的邮件地址和手机号码,而这些信息是通过事件这个桥梁进行连接的,所以,事件中必须包含邮件地址和手机号码这两个属性。
分析了以上过程后我们开始编写代码:
1.springboot框架搭建:
1.1 pom
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.stu</groupId>
<artifactId>springBootEvent</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
1.2properties文件配置:
server.port=9898
server.servlet.context-path=/listener
1.3启动类:
package com.stu;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class ListenerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ListenerApplication.class, args);
}
@RequestMapping("/")
public String healthyCheck() {
return "Ok";
}
}
2.事件类:由于需要发送邮件和短信,因此需要封装邮件地址和手机号码到事件类中,为了方便,直接将用户注册填写的信息封装成User类,并将该类直接作为事件的属性。
package com.stu.event;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent;
import com.stu.entity.User;
public class UserRegisterEvent extends ApplicationEvent {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -5481658020206295565L;
private User user;
//谁发布的这个事件,souce就是谁(对象)
public UserRegisterEvent(Object source, User user) {
super(source);
this.user = user;
}
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
}
3. Controller层:封装用户注册的参数为User类,并调用service进行注册
package com.stu.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.stu.entity.User;
import com.stu.service.UserRegisterService;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserRegisterController {
@Autowired
private UserRegisterService userRegisterService;
@RequestMapping("/register")
public String register(User user) {
//进行注册
userRegisterService.register(user);
return "[controller]注册用户成功!";
}
}
4.Service层:执行用户注册,并发布事件
package com.stu.service;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisherAware;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.stu.entity.User;
import com.stu.event.UserRegisterEvent;
@Service
public class UserRegisterService implements ApplicationEventPublisherAware {
private ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher;
public boolean register(User user) {
//用户注册
System.out.println("[service]用户[" + user + "]注册成功!");
//消息发布
applicationEventPublisher.publishEvent(new UserRegisterEvent(this, user));
return true;
}
@Override
public void setApplicationEventPublisher(ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher) {
this.applicationEventPublisher = applicationEventPublisher;
}
}
5.事件监听:监听到事件发布后,自动执行onApplicationEvent方法,所以该类需要有IOC来管理,类上要加@Component注解
package com.stu.listener;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.stu.event.UserRegisterEvent;
@Component
public class EventListener implements ApplicationListener<UserRegisterEvent> {
@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(UserRegisterEvent event) {
//发邮件
System.out.println("正在发送邮件至: " + event.getUser().getEmail());
//发短信
System.out.println("正在发短信到: " + event.getUser().getPhoneNum());
}
}
6.实体类:
package com.stu.entity;
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private String phoneNum;
private String email;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPhoneNum() {
return phoneNum;
}
public void setPhoneNum(String phoneNum) {
this.phoneNum = phoneNum;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", phoneNum=" + phoneNum + ", email=" + email + "]";
}
}
代码写好之后访问地址:http://localhost:9898/listener/user/register?id=1&name=john&phoneNum=13111111111&email=123@163.com可以得到以下结果:
控制台:
[service]用户[User [id=1, name=john, phoneNum=13111111111, email=123@163.com]]注册成功!
正在发送邮件至: 123@163.com
正在发短信到: 13111111111
页面显示:
[controller]注册用户成功!