本文主要梳理一下Spring @Configuration注解的工作原理.
环境:spring 5.0.9
启动方式:
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringMvcApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(SpringMvcApp.class,args);
}
}
一、Configuration注解的使用
@Configuration
public class AppConfig {
@Bean
public ConfigService configService(){
return new ConfigServiceImpl();
}
}
这样就可以通过@Autowire注入ConfigService.
二、原理
2.1.ConfigurationClassPostProcessor
在spring中是通过ConfigurationClassPostProcessor来处理@Configuration注解的.我们首先看下该类的定义:
public class ConfigurationClassPostProcessor implements BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor,
PriorityOrdered, ResourceLoaderAware, BeanClassLoaderAware, EnvironmentAware {
...
}
接口BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor:
public interface BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor extends BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
/**
* Modify the application context's internal bean definition registry after its
* standard initialization. All regular bean definitions will have been loaded,
* but no beans will have been instantiated yet. This allows for adding further
* bean definitions before the next post-processing phase kicks in.
* @param registry the bean definition registry used by the application context
* @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
*/
void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) throws BeansException;
}
通过注释可以看出该接口的主要作用:
在bean定义文件注册表标准初始化完成后修改内部bean 定义文件.所有的bean定义文件都会被加载,但是bean还没有被实例化.这就允许在下一步的前置处理阶段开始前,继续添加bean的定义文件
也就是说,该接口是自定义bean的添加入口.
我们看下ConfigurationClassPostProcessor对该接口的实现:
@Override
public void postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
int registryId = System.identityHashCode(registry);
if (this.registriesPostProcessed.contains(registryId)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry already called on this post-processor against " + registry);
}
if (this.factoriesPostProcessed.contains(registryId)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"postProcessBeanFactory already called on this post-processor against " + registry);
}
this.registriesPostProcessed.add(registryId);
processConfigBeanDefinitions(registry);
}
前面的校验是判断是否处理过该BeanDefinitionRegistry.
接下来就是关键部分,通过名称可以看出下面方法的作用:处理配置类的Bean.
processConfigBeanDefinitions(registry);
代码:
public void processConfigBeanDefinitions(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
List<BeanDefinitionHolder> configCandidates = new ArrayList<>();
String[] candidateNames = registry.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for (String beanName : candidateNames) {
BeanDefinition beanDef = registry.getBeanDefinition(beanName);
if (ConfigurationClassUtils.isFullConfigurationClass(beanDef) ||
ConfigurationClassUtils.isLiteConfigurationClass(beanDef)) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Bean definition has already been processed as a configuration class: " + beanDef);
}
}
else if (ConfigurationClassUtils.checkConfigurationClassCandidate(beanDef, this.metadataReaderFactory)) {
configCandidates.add(new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDef, beanName));
}
}
// Return immediately if no @Configuration classes were found
if (configCandidates.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
// Sort by previously determined @Order value, if applicable
configCandidates.sort((bd1, bd2) -> {
int i1 = ConfigurationClassUtils.getOrder(bd1.getBeanDefinition());
int i2 = ConfigurationClassUtils.getOrder(bd2.getBeanDefinition());
return Integer.compare(i1, i2);
});
// Detect any custom bean name generation strategy supplied through the enclosing application context
SingletonBeanRegistry sbr = null;
if (registry instanceof SingletonBeanRegistry) {
sbr = (SingletonBeanRegistry) registry;
if (!this.localBeanNameGeneratorSet) {
BeanNameGenerator generator = (BeanNameGenerator) sbr.getSingleton(CONFIGURATION_BEAN_NAME_GENERATOR);
if (generator != null) {
this.componentScanBeanNameGenerator = generator;
this.importBeanNameGenerator = generator;
}
}
}
if (this.environment == null) {
this.environment = new StandardEnvironment();
}
// Parse each @Configuration class
ConfigurationClassParser parser = new ConfigurationClassParser(
this.metadataReaderFactory, this.problemReporter, this.environment,
this.resourceLoader, this.componentScanBeanNameGenerator, registry);
Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> candidates = new LinkedHashSet<>(configCandidates);
Set<ConfigurationClass> alreadyParsed = new HashSet<>(configCandidates.size());
do {
parser.parse(candidates);
parser.validate();
Set<ConfigurationClass> configClasses = new LinkedHashSet<>(parser.getConfigurationClasses());
configClasses.removeAll(alreadyParsed);
// Read the model and create bean definitions based on its content
if (this.reader == null) {
this.reader = new ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader(
registry, this.sourceExtractor, this.resourceLoader, this.environment,
this.importBeanNameGenerator, parser.getImportRegistry());
}
this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configClasses);
alreadyParsed.addAll(configClasses);
candidates.clear();
if (registry.getBeanDefinitionCount() > candidateNames.length) {
String[] newCandidateNames = registry.getBeanDefinitionNames();
Set<String> oldCandidateNames = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(candidateNames));
Set<String> alreadyParsedClasses = new HashSet<>();
for (ConfigurationClass configurationClass : alreadyParsed) {
alreadyParsedClasses.add(configurationClass.getMetadata().getClassName());
}
for (String candidateName : newCandidateNames) {
if (!oldCandidateNames.contains(candidateName)) {
BeanDefinition bd = registry.getBeanDefinition(candidateName);
if (ConfigurationClassUtils.checkConfigurationClassCandidate(bd, this.metadataReaderFactory) &&
!alreadyParsedClasses.contains(bd.getBeanClassName())) {
candidates.add(new BeanDefinitionHolder(bd, candidateName));
}
}
}
candidateNames = newCandidateNames;
}
}
while (!candidates.isEmpty());
// Register the ImportRegistry as a bean in order to support ImportAware @Configuration classes
if (sbr != null && !sbr.containsSingleton(IMPORT_REGISTRY_BEAN_NAME)) {
sbr.registerSingleton(IMPORT_REGISTRY_BEAN_NAME, parser.getImportRegistry());
}
if (this.metadataReaderFactory instanceof CachingMetadataReaderFactory) {
// Clear cache in externally provided MetadataReaderFactory; this is a no-op
// for a shared cache since it'll be cleared by the ApplicationContext.
((CachingMetadataReaderFactory) this.metadataReaderFactory).clearCache();
}
}
我们一步一步看下做了什么工作:
Parse1:
从当前的Bean 定义文件集合中查找@Configuration修饰的类,如果没有找到,直接返回.
for (String beanName : candidateNames) {
BeanDefinition beanDef = registry.getBeanDefinition(beanName);
if (ConfigurationClassUtils.isFullConfigurationClass(beanDef) ||
ConfigurationClassUtils.isLiteConfigurationClass(beanDef)) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Bean definition has already been processed as a configuration class: " + beanDef);
}
}
else if (ConfigurationClassUtils.checkConfigurationClassCandidate(beanDef, this.metadataReaderFactory)) {
configCandidates.add(new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDef, beanName));
}
}
// Return immediately if no @Configuration classes were found
if (configCandidates.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
Parse2:
对Configuration类进行排序.
// Sort by previously determined @Order value, if applicable
configCandidates.sort((bd1, bd2) -> {
int i1 = ConfigurationClassUtils.getOrder(bd1.getBeanDefinition());
int i2 = ConfigurationClassUtils.getOrder(bd2.getBeanDefinition());
return Integer.compare(i1, i2);
});
Parse3:
检查是否有配置的Bean 名称生成策略.
SingletonBeanRegistry sbr = null;
if (registry instanceof SingletonBeanRegistry) {
sbr = (SingletonBeanRegistry) registry;
if (!this.localBeanNameGeneratorSet) {
BeanNameGenerator generator = (BeanNameGenerator) sbr.getSingleton(CONFIGURATION_BEAN_NAME_GENERATOR);
if (generator != null) {
this.componentScanBeanNameGenerator = generator;
this.importBeanNameGenerator = generator;
}
}
}
Parse4:
设置环境上下文.
if (this.environment == null) {
this.environment = new StandardEnvironment();
}
Parse5:
解析@Configuration配置类
ConfigurationClassParser parser = new ConfigurationClassParser(
this.metadataReaderFactory, this.problemReporter, this.environment,
this.resourceLoader, this.componentScanBeanNameGenerator, registry);
Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> candidates = new LinkedHashSet<>(configCandidates);
Set<ConfigurationClass> alreadyParsed = new HashSet<>(configCandidates.size());
do {
parser.parse(candidates);
parser.validate();
Set<ConfigurationClass> configClasses = new LinkedHashSet<>(parser.getConfigurationClasses());
configClasses.removeAll(alreadyParsed);
// Read the model and create bean definitions based on its content
if (this.reader == null) {
this.reader = new ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader(
registry, this.sourceExtractor, this.resourceLoader, this.environment,
this.importBeanNameGenerator, parser.getImportRegistry());
}
this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configClasses);
alreadyParsed.addAll(configClasses);
candidates.clear();
if (registry.getBeanDefinitionCount() > candidateNames.length) {
String[] newCandidateNames = registry.getBeanDefinitionNames();
Set<String> oldCandidateNames = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(candidateNames));
Set<String> alreadyParsedClasses = new HashSet<>();
for (ConfigurationClass configurationClass : alreadyParsed) {
alreadyParsedClasses.add(configurationClass.getMetadata().getClassName());
}
for (String candidateName : newCandidateNames) {
if (!oldCandidateNames.contains(candidateName)) {
BeanDefinition bd = registry.getBeanDefinition(candidateName);
if (ConfigurationClassUtils.checkConfigurationClassCandidate(bd, this.metadataReaderFactory) &&
!alreadyParsedClasses.contains(bd.getBeanClassName())) {
candidates.add(new BeanDefinitionHolder(bd, candidateName));
}
}
}
candidateNames = newCandidateNames;
}
}
while (!candidates.isEmpty());
该过程主要分为两步:
- 解析@Configuration,根据配置扫描该路径下的@Configuration,@Controller,@Service,@Component等注解.
- 通过ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader添加到当前registry中.
//扫描
ConfigurationClassParser parser = new ConfigurationClassParser(
this.metadataReaderFactory, this.problemReporter, this.environment,
this.resourceLoader, this.componentScanBeanNameGenerator, registry);
parser.parse(candidates);
//添加bean definition 到registry.
// Read the model and create bean definitions based on its content
if (this.reader == null) {
this.reader = new ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader(
registry, this.sourceExtractor, this.resourceLoader, this.environment,
this.importBeanNameGenerator, parser.getImportRegistry());
}
this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configClasses);
处理过程交由ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader,我们接下来看ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader 如何完成@Configuration的解析.
2.2.ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader
2.2.1.loadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass源码
/**
* Read a particular {@link ConfigurationClass}, registering bean definitions
* for the class itself and all of its {@link Bean} methods.
*/
private void loadBeanDefinitionsForConfigurationClass(
ConfigurationClass configClass, TrackedConditionEvaluator trackedConditionEvaluator) {
if (trackedConditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(configClass)) {
String beanName = configClass.getBeanName();
if (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) && this.registry.containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
this.registry.removeBeanDefinition(beanName);
}
this.importRegistry.removeImportingClass(configClass.getMetadata().getClassName());
return;
}
if (configClass.isImported()) {
registerBeanDefinitionForImportedConfigurationClass(configClass);
}
for (BeanMethod beanMethod : configClass.getBeanMethods()) {
loadBeanDefinitionsForBeanMethod(beanMethod);
}
loadBeanDefinitionsFromImportedResources(configClass.getImportedResources());
loadBeanDefinitionsFromRegistrars(configClass.getImportBeanDefinitionRegistrars());
}
通过注释可以看出该方法是将一个ConfigurationClass和它内部所有被@Bean标记的方法,变成bean definition 注册到registry.
到现在我们终于看到了@Configuration类的解析.
从代码我们可以看出对@Configuration类的解析主要分为四个部分:
- 如果当前类是通过@Import被别的配置类引入,则将当前类转化成bean definition注册.
- 将当前类的所有被@Bean标记方法,转化为bean definition注册到当前registry
- 解析当前类上@ImportResource
- 解析当前类引入的ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口的子类.
我们接下来重点说一下,对@Bean标记的方法的解析
2.2.2.@Bean方法解析成BeanDefinition
.
/**
* Read the given {@link BeanMethod}, registering bean definitions
* with the BeanDefinitionRegistry based on its contents.
*/
private void loadBeanDefinitionsForBeanMethod(BeanMethod beanMethod) {
ConfigurationClass configClass = beanMethod.getConfigurationClass();
MethodMetadata metadata = beanMethod.getMetadata();
String methodName = metadata.getMethodName();
// Do we need to mark the bean as skipped by its condition?
if (this.conditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(metadata, ConfigurationPhase.REGISTER_BEAN)) {
configClass.skippedBeanMethods.add(methodName);
return;
}
if (configClass.skippedBeanMethods.contains(methodName)) {
return;
}
AnnotationAttributes bean = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(metadata, Bean.class);
Assert.state(bean != null, "No @Bean annotation attributes");
// Consider name and any aliases
List<String> names = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(bean.getStringArray("name")));
String beanName = (!names.isEmpty() ? names.remove(0) : methodName);
// Register aliases even when overridden
for (String alias : names) {
this.registry.registerAlias(beanName, alias);
}
// Has this effectively been overridden before (e.g. via XML)?
if (isOverriddenByExistingDefinition(beanMethod, beanName)) {
if (beanName.equals(beanMethod.getConfigurationClass().getBeanName())) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanMethod.getConfigurationClass().getResource().getDescription(),
beanName, "Bean name derived from @Bean method '" + beanMethod.getMetadata().getMethodName() +
"' clashes with bean name for containing configuration class; please make those names unique!");
}
return;
}
ConfigurationClassBeanDefinition beanDef = new ConfigurationClassBeanDefinition(configClass, metadata);
beanDef.setResource(configClass.getResource());
beanDef.setSource(this.sourceExtractor.extractSource(metadata, configClass.getResource()));
if (metadata.isStatic()) {
// static @Bean method
beanDef.setBeanClassName(configClass.getMetadata().getClassName());
beanDef.setFactoryMethodName(methodName);
}
else {
// instance @Bean method
beanDef.setFactoryBeanName(configClass.getBeanName());
beanDef.setUniqueFactoryMethodName(methodName);
}
beanDef.setAutowireMode(RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_CONSTRUCTOR);
beanDef.setAttribute(RequiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.SKIP_REQUIRED_CHECK_ATTRIBUTE, Boolean.TRUE);
AnnotationConfigUtils.processCommonDefinitionAnnotations(beanDef, metadata);
Autowire autowire = bean.getEnum("autowire");
if (autowire.isAutowire()) {
beanDef.setAutowireMode(autowire.value());
}
String initMethodName = bean.getString("initMethod");
if (StringUtils.hasText(initMethodName)) {
beanDef.setInitMethodName(initMethodName);
}
String destroyMethodName = bean.getString("destroyMethod");
beanDef.setDestroyMethodName(destroyMethodName);
// Consider scoping
ScopedProxyMode proxyMode = ScopedProxyMode.NO;
AnnotationAttributes attributes = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(metadata, Scope.class);
if (attributes != null) {
beanDef.setScope(attributes.getString("value"));
proxyMode = attributes.getEnum("proxyMode");
if (proxyMode == ScopedProxyMode.DEFAULT) {
proxyMode = ScopedProxyMode.NO;
}
}
// Replace the original bean definition with the target one, if necessary
BeanDefinition beanDefToRegister = beanDef;
if (proxyMode != ScopedProxyMode.NO) {
BeanDefinitionHolder proxyDef = ScopedProxyCreator.createScopedProxy(
new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDef, beanName), this.registry,
proxyMode == ScopedProxyMode.TARGET_CLASS);
beanDefToRegister = new ConfigurationClassBeanDefinition(
(RootBeanDefinition) proxyDef.getBeanDefinition(), configClass, metadata);
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug(String.format("Registering bean definition for @Bean method %s.%s()",
configClass.getMetadata().getClassName(), beanName));
}
this.registry.registerBeanDefinition(beanName, beanDefToRegister);
}
我们从源码可以看出,该方法是生成一个ConfigurationClassBeanDefinition,并将其注册到registry
主要信息设置如下:
- 设置Bean定义来源
- 设置工厂名称/工厂方法
- 设置Autowire方式
- 设置initMethod/destoryMethod
- 设置scope
也就是说,一个@Configuration类的@Bean会作为一个工厂bean的方式添加到registry中,在实例化该bean时,会调用该工厂类对应的方法.
三、总结
1.发生的时机
在AbstractApplicationContext,refresh()方的
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
时,触发对@Configuration类的解析,并生成对应的BeanDefinition注册到当前BeanDefinitionRegistry中.
2.解析内容
- @Bean方法
- @Import注解,引入的其他@Configuration类或ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar子类
- @ImportResource注解
3.当前@Configuration标记的类也会作为一个bean添加到BeanDefinitionRegistry
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