stream中的map和flatMap

前言

对于刚刚接触stream中的小伙伴，可能都有个疑惑，那就是map和flatMap到底有啥区别，这里来和大家一起简单复习下。

举个小栗子

public class StreamTest {
    private static List<Student> computerClub = Arrays.asList(
            new Student("2015134001", "小明", 15, "1501"),
            new Student("2015134003", "小王", 14, "1503"),
            new Student("2015134006", "小张", 15, "1501"),
            new Student("2015134008", "小梁", 17, "1505")
    );
    private static List<Student> basketballClub = Arrays.asList(
            new Student("2015134012", "小c", 13, "1503"),
            new Student("2015134013", "小s", 14, "1503"),
            new Student("2015134015", "小d", 15, "1504"),
            new Student("2015134018", "小y", 16, "1505")
    );
    private static List<Student> pingpongClub = Arrays.asList(
            new Student("2015134022", "小u", 16, "1502"),
            new Student("2015134021", "小i", 14, "1502"),
            new Student("2015134026", "小m", 17, "1504"),
            new Student("2015134027", "小n", 16, "1504")
    );

    private static List<List<Student>> allClubStu = new ArrayList<>();
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //map 一对一 映射处理
        collect.stream().map(student -> {
            StudentDTO studentDTO = StudentDTO.builder().age(student.getAge())
                    .classNum(student.getClassNum())
                    .name(student.getName())
                    .studentNum(student.getStudentNum()).build();
            return studentDTO;
        }).collect(Collectors.toList()).forEach(System.out::println);

        allClubStu.add(computerClub);
        allClubStu.add(basketballClub);
        allClubStu.add(pingpongClub);
        //flatMap  一对多映射处理，深入到多个stream内部去处理子元素，统一输出
        List<Student> studentList = allClubStu.stream().flatMap(e -> e.stream().
                filter(student -> student.getAge() > 15)).collect(Collectors.toList());
        studentList.forEach(System.out::println);
    }
}

简而言之

map: 对于Stream中包含的元素使用给定的转换函数进行转换操作，新生成的Stream只包含转换生成的元素。其实就是类似一对一映射处理。

flatMap：和map类似，不同的是其每个元素转换得到的是Stream对象，会把子Stream中的元素压缩到父集合中；正如其名，将几个stream合并到一起，扁平化管理。