coent 服务器安装mysqlclient的问题

一、安装mysqlclient

        1. 安装教程直接去官网，这里就不做叙述 mysqlclient · PyPI

二、兼容性问题：

        1. python2和python3.X的区别在于，python2安装python-devel；python3.x安装python3-devel

三、安装过程中的问题

先说下我的服务器环境，在这之前已经安装了MySQL数据库，并且python使用虚拟环境

        1. 在执行pip安装会发现，pip命令没有了不要慌，重新卸载后安装一下就好了，出现原因是：安装python3-devel导致

(model_venv) [root@middleware-test-236 /]# pip -V
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/juser/project/model_venv/bin/pip", line 5, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.main import main
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pip'

        解决方法：

                python -m ensurepip

                python -m pip install --upgrade pip 

        2. python3.6 和python3.7 版本安装mysqlclient会报这样错误，gcc执行命令 /usr/bin/ld: 找不到 -lmysqlclient

(hcloudai_venv) [root@middleware-test-236 project]# pip install  mysqlclient -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
Collecting mysqlclient
  Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/50/5f/eac919b88b9df39bbe4a855f136d58f80d191cfea34a3dcf96bf5d8ace0a/mysqlclient-2.1.1.tar.gz (88 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Using legacy 'setup.py install' for mysqlclient, since package 'wheel' is not installed.
Installing collected packages: mysqlclient
    Running setup.py install for mysqlclient ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/bin/python -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-4uilax7z/mysqlclient_276c99a307734c5e8ce3bc6d18a39378/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-4uilax7z/mysqlclient_276c99a307734c5e8ce3bc6d18a39378/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-hwfgnx6_/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/include/site/python3.6/mysqlclient
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-4uilax7z/mysqlclient_276c99a307734c5e8ce3bc6d18a39378/
    Complete output (43 lines):
    mysql_config --version
    ['5.6.51-91.0']
    mysql_config --libs
    ['-L/usr/lib64', '-lmysqlclient', '-lpthread', '-lz', '-lm', '-lrt', '-lssl', '-lcrypto', '-ldl']
    mysql_config --cflags
    ['-I/usr/include/mysql', '-g', '-m64', '-fPIC', '-g', '-fabi-version=2', '-fno-omit-frame-pointer', '-fno-strict-aliasing']
    ext_options:
      library_dirs: ['/usr/lib64']
      libraries: ['mysqlclient', 'pthread', 'm', 'rt', 'dl']
      extra_compile_args: ['-std=c99', '-g', '-m64', '-fPIC', '-g', '-fabi-version=2', '-fno-omit-frame-pointer', '-fno-strict-aliasing']
      extra_link_args: []
      include_dirs: ['/usr/include/mysql']
      extra_objects: []
      define_macros: [('version_info', "(2,1,1,'final',0)"), ('__version__', '2.1.1')]
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/_exceptions.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    copying MySQLdb/times.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    copying MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/constants
    running build_ext
    building 'MySQLdb._mysql' extension
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb
    gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -Dversion_info=(2,1,1,'final',0) -D__version__=2.1.1 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/include -I/usr/include/python3.6m -c MySQLdb/_mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/_mysql.o -std=c99 -g -m64 -fPIC -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing
    gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-z,relro -g build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/_mysql.o -L/usr/lib64 -L/usr/lib64 -lmysqlclient -lpthread -lm -lrt -ldl -lpython3.6m -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MySQLdb/_mysql.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
    /usr/bin/ld: 找不到 -lmysqlclient
    collect2: 错误：ld 返回 1
    error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/bin/python -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-4uilax7z/mysqlclient_276c99a307734c5e8ce3bc6d18a39378/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-4uilax7z/mysqlclient_276c99a307734c5e8ce3bc6d18a39378/setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-hwfgnx6_/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/include/site/python3.6/mysqlclient Check the logs for full command output.

        解决方法：别纠结直接放弃，转战到python3.9以上

        2.python3.9版本安装 mysqlclient ，这个错误是pkg-config找不到MySQL的libmysqlclient.so文件

myvenv) [root@middleware-test-236 hcloudai]# pip install  mysqlclient -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
Collecting mysqlclient
  Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/de/9c/b176826e8994551ce826404dab97e305a4bb76c8b0a4e016fabda2901c71/mysqlclient-2.2.0.tar.gz (89 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 89.5/89.5 kB 793.5 kB/s eta 0:00:00
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [22 lines of output]
      Trying pkg-config --exists mysqlclient
      Command 'pkg-config --exists mysqlclient' returned non-zero exit status 1.
      Trying pkg-config --exists mariadb
      Command 'pkg-config --exists mariadb' returned non-zero exit status 1.
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "/home/juser/project/myvenv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "/home/juser/project/myvenv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
        File "/home/juser/project/myvenv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 118, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-_5fsibyy/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 355, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=['wheel'])
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-_5fsibyy/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 325, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
        File "/tmp/pip-build-env-_5fsibyy/overlay/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 341, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 154, in <module>
        File "<string>", line 48, in get_config_posix
        File "<string>", line 27, in find_package_name
      Exception: Can not find valid pkg-config name.
      Specify MYSQLCLIENT_CFLAGS and MYSQLCLIENT_LDFLAGS env vars manually
      [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

解决方法：

        1. 到MySQL安装目录的lib/目录下将libmysqlclient.so 文件复制到/usr/lib64/pkgconfig/目录下面

        2. 配置环境变量：

                命令：vim /etc/profile

                配置：export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/lib64/pkgconfig

                刷新: source /etc/profile

基本上以上两个问题解决：就能安装mysqlclient成功

四、运行Django报错

        1. 当初次运行Django项目时报错，错误原因是:ImportError: libmysqlclient.so.20: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory ,

(hcloudai_venv) [root@middleware-test-236 hcloudai]# python manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 15, in <module>
    import MySQLdb as Database
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 17, in <module>
    from . import _mysql
ImportError: libmysqlclient.so.20: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/Python3.9/lib/python3.9/threading.py", line 980, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/usr/local/Python3.9/lib/python3.9/threading.py", line 917, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 64, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 110, in inner_run
    autoreload.raise_last_exception()
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 87, in raise_last_exception
    raise _exception[1]
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 375, in execute
    autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)()
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 64, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 114, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 301, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "/usr/local/Python3.9/lib/python3.9/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 850, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 48, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 122, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 326, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 207, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/connection.py", line 15, in __getattr__
    return getattr(self._connections[self._alias], item)
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/connection.py", line 62, in __getitem__
    conn = self.create_connection(alias)
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 204, in create_connection
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 111, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "/usr/local/Python3.9/lib/python3.9/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 17, in <module>
    raise ImproperlyConfigured(
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module.
Did you install mysqlclient?

解决方法： 看到关键字libmysqlclient，处理方式不一样哈，将文件建立同步链接，这个原因是：在运行时找不到libmysqlclient.so.20，只需要将该文件进行同步链接就可以解决

        ln -s /home/project/mysql-5.7.28/lib/libmysqlclient.so.20 /usr/lib64/libmysqlclient.so.20

2.  ImportError: urllib3 v2.0 only supports OpenSSL 1.1.1+, currently the 'ssl' module is compiled with 'OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017'. See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2168 这个错误

(hcloudai_venv) [root@middleware-test-236 hcloudai]# python manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...

Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/Python3.9/lib/python3.9/threading.py", line 980, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "/usr/local/Python3.9/lib/python3.9/threading.py", line 917, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 64, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 118, in inner_run
    self.check(display_num_errors=True)
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 419, in check
    all_issues = checks.run_checks(
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 76, in run_checks
    new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs, databases=databases)
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 13, in check_url_config
    return check_resolver(resolver)
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 23, in check_resolver
    return check_method()
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 416, in check
    for pattern in self.url_patterns:
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 48, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 602, in url_patterns
    patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 48, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 595, in urlconf_module
    return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
  File "/usr/local/Python3.9/lib/python3.9/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 680, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 850, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai/hcloudai/urls.py", line 17, in <module>
    from middle_block import urls as m_url
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai/middle_block/urls.py", line 17, in <module>
    from .views import *
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai/middle_block/views.py", line 5, in <module>
    from common.tasks.all_task import ApiTestTasks
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai/common/tasks/all_task.py", line 13, in <module>
    from common.tripartite.sms.message import AllCallBack
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai/common/tripartite/sms/message.py", line 3, in <module>
    import requests
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/requests/__init__.py", line 43, in <module>
    import urllib3
  File "/home/juser/project/hcloudai_venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/urllib3/__init__.py", line 41, in <module>
    raise ImportError(
ImportError: urllib3 v2.0 only supports OpenSSL 1.1.1+, currently the 'ssl' module is compiled with 'OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017'. See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2168

解决方法： 问题原因是：urllib3版本兼容

        pip install urllib3==1.26.15