1.默认MySQL的字符集是latin1(ISO_8859_1)通常,查看系统的字符集和排序方式的设定可以通过下面的两条命令:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.1\share\charsets\ |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
2.修改默认字符集
(1) 最简单的修改方法,就是修改mysql的my.ini文件中的字符集键值(注意是utf8而不是utf-8),
如 default-character-set = utf8
character_set_server = utf8
修改完后,重启mysql的服务,service mysql restart
使用 mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';查看,发现数据库编码均已改成utf8
(2) 还有一种修改字符集的方法,就是使用mysql的命令
mysql> SET character_set_client = utf8 ;
mysql> SET character_set_connection = utf8 ;
mysql> SET character_set_database = utf8 ;
mysql> SET character_set_results = utf8 ;
mysql> SET character_set_server = utf8 ;
mysql> SET collation_connection = utf8 ;
mysql> SET collation_database = utf8 ;
mysql> SET collation_server = utf8 ;
一般就算设置了表的默认字符集为utf8并且通过UTF-8编码发送查询,你会发现存入数据库的仍然是乱码。问题就出在这个connection连接层上。解决方法是在发送查询前执行一下下面这句:
SET NAMES 'utf8';
它相当于下面的三句指令:
SET character_set_client = utf8;
SET character_set_results = utf8;
SET character_set_connection = utf8;