一、原理概述
IntentService继承自Service,内部的ServiceHandler(Handler)与HandlerThread协作来完成异步任务。每当有意图任务时,IntentService的onStartCommand方法会被调用,它内部调用了onStart方法,在onStart方法中向ServiceHandler发消息,ServiceHandler收到消息后会调用onHandleIntent方法来处理后台任务,当任务完成时,IntentService会调用stopSelf(startId)来停止服务。
HandlerThread相关知识可以参考这里安卓学习笔记之HandlerThread
二、特点
1、IntentService是一个抽象类,使用时应该创建子类继承它,并重写onHandleIntent方法,注意,不要试图重写onStartCommand方法
2、IntentService内部ServiceHandler(Handler)与HandlerThread协同合作,在子线程中执行耗时操作
3、因为IntentService它是一个服务类,优先级别比一般的线程高,不容易被系统销毁,所以可以做一些耗时操作,同时它会在任务完成时进行自我停止,不要手动调用sotpSelf方法
4、onBind方法不是必须重写的,只有当你需要绑定服务时,才需要重写。
三、源码分析
1、构造方法,被子类构造调用,用于给内部HandlerThread命名
/**
* Creates an IntentService. Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
*
* @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.
*/
public IntentService(String name) {
super();
mName = name;
}
2、onCreate方法,创建HandlerThread,并让ServiceHandler与其进行关联
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
// during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
// method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.
super.onCreate();
HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
thread.start();
mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
}
3、onStartCommand,回调onStart方法。mRedelivery是表示是否需要重新接受意图(当onHandleIntent没有执行完而IntentService被销毁时),通过setIntentRedelivery设置。
/**
* You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
* override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService
* receives a start request.
* @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand
*/
@Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
onStart(intent, startId);
return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
}
setIntentRedelivery,设置当进程被重建时是否需要重新接受意图,true表示需要,并且当有多个意图时,只能保证最近的一个可以收到。
/**
* Sets intent redelivery preferences. Usually called from the constructor
* with your preferred semantics.
*/
public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {
mRedelivery = enabled;
}
4、onStart方法,向mServiceHandler发送消息
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
msg.arg1 = startId;
msg.obj = intent;
mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
5、ServiceHandler如下,在收到消息时会回调onHandleIntent来处理意图
private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
stopSelf(msg.arg1);
}
}
6、onHandleIntent,它是一个抽象方法,我们需要重写它并处理意图。它运行在HandlerThread线程中,并在同一时刻只有一个任务执行,其他需排队等待
/**
* This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process.
* Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a
* worker thread that runs independently from other application logic.
* So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to
* the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else.
* When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself,
* so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}.
*
* @param intent The value passed to {@link
* android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}.
*/
protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);
四、简单案例
在Mainactivity中向自定义的IntentService发起多次意图请求,在处理每个意图时模拟了耗时操作,观察执行的时间顺序。
自定义Service继承IntentService
package com.yu.threadspool;
import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.util.Log;
public class IntentServiceTest extends IntentService {
public IntentServiceTest() {
super("IntentServiceThread");
}
// 处理意图
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if ("com.yu.threadspool.action1".equals(action)) {
Log.e("TAG", "处理com.yu.threadspool.action1");
SystemClock.sleep(2000); // 模拟耗时
}
if ("com.yu.threadspool.action2".equals(action)) {
Log.e("TAG", "处理com.yu.threadspool.action2");
SystemClock.sleep(2000); // 模拟耗时
}
if ("com.yu.threadspool.action3".equals(action)) {
Log.e("TAG", "处理com.yu.threadspool.action3");
}
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.e("TAG", "onDestroy");
}
}
在MainActivity中启动三个意图
public void intentHandler(View view) {
Intent intent=new Intent(this,IntentServiceTest.class);
intent.setAction("com.yu.threadspool.action1");
startService(intent);
intent.setAction("com.yu.threadspool.action2");
startService(intent);
intent.setAction("com.yu.threadspool.action3");
startService(intent);
}
执行结果
09-08 21:53:31.331: E/TAG(3235): 处理com.yu.threadspool.action1
09-08 21:53:33.331: E/TAG(3235): 处理com.yu.threadspool.action2
09-08 21:53:35.331: E/TAG(3235): 处理com.yu.threadspool.action3
09-08 21:53:35.331: E/TAG(3235): onDestroy
从执行结果可以看出,三个意图的执行是按顺序执行的.