Struts2,Hibernate,Spring框架学习总结
最近项目比较松,所以又重头温故了下java WEB的知识,而SSH算是比较典型的框架了,值得我们一学,后续继续学习SSM,也就是SpringMVC,Spring,MyBits框架知识;
学习过程是枯燥的,中途好几次想放弃,但还是坚持了下来,没办法,谁让我们选择了这个苦逼的行业;
好了,废话不说了;
![image.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a1be9585ff03d67fe6c8b6bfcb571bda.webp?x-image-process=image/format,png)
Struts2介绍:
先来一个简短而又清晰的描述:Struts2是一个基于MVC设计模式的Web应用框架,它本质上相当于一个servlet,在MVC设计模式中,Struts2作为控制器(Controller)来建立模型与视图的数据交互。
用我的话来说它就是处理用户发送过来的请求的,然后根据请求跳转不同的界面和执行不同的业务逻辑,不知道这样理解对还是不对哇。当然它的功能远远不止这些,它还可以做到,请求参数的自动封装,文件的上传下载,数据校验,国际化,ognl等等等….
我印象比较深刻的一点就是,它是线程安全的,也就是用户每次访问,它都会实例化一个对象。而传统的servlet是线程不安全的,就是说不管多少用户访问,它的实例永远是一个。这不就帮我们解决了线程安全问题了吗!!!
再此,请允许我复制粘贴一份它的原理图…..
![image.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/15aed78542c1ea6f00d9ac47ca37f3ae.webp?x-image-process=image/format,png)
具体的大家自行百度,不用谢;
Hibernate介绍:
Hibernate是一个开放源代码的对象关系映射框架,它对JDBC进行了非常轻量级的对象封装,它将POJO与数据库表建立映射关系,是一个全自动的orm框架,hibernate可以自动生成SQL语句,自动执行,使得Java程序员可以随心所欲的使用对象编程思维来操纵数据库。
对我们安卓开发者来说ORM并不是很陌生,当然操作对象比操作原生的sql语句心情舒畅的多,不是吗?
这个框架总体上来说还是比较好理解的,这里说下学习它的重点
- 对象关系映射(一对一,一对多和多对一,多对多)
- 一级缓存和二级缓存
- 事务的处理
Spring介绍:
重点,重点,重点!
Spring致力于J2EE应用的各层的解决方案,而不是仅仅专注于某一层的方案。可以说Spring是企业应用开发的“一站式”选择,并贯穿表现层、业务层及持久层。然而,Spring并不想取代那些已有的框架,而是与它们无缝地整合。
全体起立,请重复这句话:Spring并不想取代那些已有的框架,而是与它们无缝地整合;
![image.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/62b1530e1eebcddf8d36591add171bd4.webp?x-image-process=image/format,png)
Spring框架是这三个中最难理解最难学的一个了,至少我是这么认为的,它很强大,很强大…..
不过总结嘛,还是大概的总结下,最后再表演下它是如何整合其他框架的;
Spring的6大核心功能:
- IOC容器, 解决对象创建及依赖关系;
- Spring Web,Spring对web模块的支持,可以与struts整合,让struts的action创建交给spring,spring mvc模式;
- Spring DAO,Spring 对jdbc操作的支持,JdbcTemplate模板工具类
- SpringORM,spring对orm的支持,既可以与hibernate整合,也可以使用spring的对hibernate操作的封装
- Spring AOP,切面编程
- SpringEE,spring 对javaEE其他模块的支持
SSH框架整合:
目标:
- 熟悉Struts2,Hibernate,Spring框架整合
- 简单的增删改查
![jdfw.gif](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/31de40daa30318ccfedc6e80c07d4c1b.webp?x-image-process=image/format,png)
开发工具Eclipse,新建项目SSH,项目目录结构如下:
![image.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/d0ff3febe6934c7ef04e7f294d6598e2.webp?x-image-process=image/format,png)
引入Struts2 jar包,Struts2版本为2.3
- commons-fileupload-1.3.2.jar Struts核心包
- commons-io-2.2.jar Struts核心包
- commons-lang3-3.2.jar Struts核心包
- commons-logging-1.1.3.jar Struts核心包
- freemarker-2.3.22.jar Struts核心包
- javassist-3.11.0.GA.jar Struts核心包
- ognl-3.0.19.jar Struts核心包
- struts2-core-2.3.32.jar Struts核心包
- xwork-core-2.3.32.jar Struts核心包
![image.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/12f113d1a4873687a42ff1cb9d1abb1e.webp?x-image-process=image/format,png)
将Struts2的配置文件copy到src跟目录下,然后在WebContent/WEB-INF/web.xml 配置Struts2的过滤器
struts.xml文件模版如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- 引入外部的一个配置文件 -->
<include file="com/itkimi/group/action/user_action.xml"></include>
</struts>
web.xml文件内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>ssh</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- config struts -->
<filter>
<filter-name>struts</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
user_action.xml文件内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="user_modle" extends="struts-default" namespace="/user">
<action name="user_*" class="com.itkimi.group.action.UserAction" method="{1}">
<result name="{1}">/list.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
UserAction类内容如下:
package com.itkimi.group.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class UserAction extends ActionSupport{
public String register(){
return "register";
}
}
![image.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/cf5ce3a797724218497fe3a7082eff92.webp?x-image-process=image/format,png)
引入Hibernate框架,版本号为3.6.10:
- hibernate3.jar 核心包
- hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar 核心包
- antlr-2.7.6.jar 核心包
- commons-collections-3.1.jar 核心包
- dom4j-1.6.1.jar 核心包
- javassist-3.12.0.GA.jar 核心包
- jta-1.1.jar 核心包
- slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar 核心包
![image.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/542cd471b85fdac18dd759321537127f.webp?x-image-process=image/format,png)
引入技巧,就是图中圈中的文件夹下所有的jar,当然还有hibernate3.jar文件,以及mysql驱动包.jar 和 c3p0数据库连接池.jar
在src根目录下引入hibernate的配置文件:hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- Database connection settings -->
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo</property>
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">root</property>
<!-- c3p0 config -->
<property name="hibernate.connection.provider_class">org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">10</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">5000</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">100</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period">3000</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment">3</property>
<property name="hibernate.c3p0.validate">false</property>
<!-- SQL dialect -->
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</property>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
简单映射一个用户表:
User.java
package com.itkimi.group.bean;
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String address;
private int age;
private String email;
private String phone;
public User() {
super();
}
public User(String name, String address, int age, String email, String phone) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.address = address;
this.age = age;
this.email = email;
this.phone = phone;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
}
}
User.hbm.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated Nov 9, 2006 6:27:53 PM by Hibernate Tools 3.2.0.beta7 -->
<hibernate-mapping package="com.itkimi.group.bean">
<class name="User" table="user">
<id name="id" column="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<generator class="native" />
</id>
<property name="name" column="name" type="java.lang.String"></property>
<property name="address" column="address" type="java.lang.String"></property>
<property name="email" column="email" type="java.lang.String"></property>
<property name="phone" column="phone" type="java.lang.String"></property>
<property name="age" column="age" type="java.lang.Integer"></property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
进行测试:
import com.itkimi.group.bean.User;
public class AppTest {
private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory;
static {
buildSessionFactory = new Configuration()
.configure()
.addClass(User.class)
.buildSessionFactory();
}
@Test
public void testAdd(){
Session session = buildSessionFactory.openSession();
session.beginTransaction();
//test add user
User user = new User("itkimi", "上海市", 25, "24750@163.com", "13211111111");
session.save(user);
session.getTransaction().commit();
session.close();
}
}
![image.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/2dde6cc6eb6e888383e3823f2a9bcaa4.webp?x-image-process=image/format,png)
![image.png](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6f5f32a26b220dcfbe9c7d4fd6d76155.webp?x-image-process=image/format,png)
Spring框架的引入和整合:
Spring
- spring-beans-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar 核心包
- spring-context-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar 核心包
- spring-core-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar 核心包
- spring-expression-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar 核心包
- spring-web-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar 整合struts需要
- spring-aop-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar 核心包
- spring-jdbc-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar 整合hibernate需要
- spring-orm-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar 整合hibernate需要
- spring-tx-3.2.5.RELEASE.jar 核心包
以及aop相关jar包
- aopalliance.jar
- aspectjrt.jar
- aspectjweaver.jar
Struts需要引用的包
- struts2-spring-plugin-2.3.32.jar
Spring的jar包有些多,但是总体上来说分为六大功能,需要用到什么引入什么就可以了,接下来,在web.xml中增加spring的配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>ssh</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- config spring -->
<filter>
<filter-name>OpenSessionInView</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>OpenSessionInView</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:bean.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- config struts -->
<filter>
<filter-name>sturts</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>sturts</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
contextConfigLocation 配置对应的xml文件,我们在看下bean.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.itkimi" ></context:component-scan>
<!-- datasource c3po数据库连接池配置-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo"></property>
<property name="user" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="root"></property>
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="3"></property>
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="10"></property>
<property name="maxStatements" value="100"></property>
<property name="acquireIncrement" value="2"></property>
</bean>
<!-- sessionFactory 整合hibernate时用到的sessionfactory-->
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
<!-- hibernate properties config hibernate属性配置-->
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
</props>
</property>
<!-- hibernate mapping file hibernate映射文件加载-->
<property name="mappingLocations">
<list>
<value>classpath:com/itkimi/group/bean/*.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- config translation 事务控制-->
<bean id="txManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
</bean>
<tx:advice id="tvAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="*" read-only="false" />
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!-- aop config -->
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.itkimi.group.service.*.*(..))"
id="pt" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="tvAdvice" pointcut-ref="pt" />
</aop:config>
</beans>
到这里,基本上三大框架整合就完毕了,接下来开始写action,service,dao了,直接上代码了
UserAction.java:
package com.itkimi.group.action;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import com.itkimi.group.bean.User;
import com.itkimi.group.service.IUserService;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStack;
@Controller("userAction")
@Scope("prototype")
public class UserAction extends ActionSupport{
@Resource(name = "userServiceImp")
private IUserService userService;
public void setUserService(IUserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
private User user;
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
//注册
public String register(){
userService.add(user);
return "index";
}
//登陆
public String login(){
User u = userService.findUser(user);
if(u != null){
return "loginSuccess";
}
return "index";
}
//列表
public String list(){
List<User> userAll = userService.findAll();
Map<String, Object> contextMap = ActionContext.getContext().getContextMap();
contextMap.put("list", userAll);
return "listJsp";
}
//删除
public String delete(){
User findUser = userService.findUser(user.getId());
userService.remove(findUser);
return "loginSuccess";
}
//修改
public String update(){
user = userService.findUser(user.getId());
return "update";
}
public String updateComplete(){
userService.update(user);
return "loginSuccess";
}
}
user_action.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="user_modle" extends="struts-default" namespace="/user">
<action name="user_*" class="userAction" method="{1}">
<result name="{1}">/{1}.jsp</result>
<result name="index" type="redirect">/index.jsp</result>
<result name="listJsp">/list.jsp</result>
<result name="loginSuccess" type="redirectAction">user_list</result>
</action>
</package>
UserServiceImp
package com.itkimi.group.service.imp;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.itkimi.group.bean.User;
import com.itkimi.group.dao.IUserDao;
import com.itkimi.group.service.IUserService;
@Service("userServiceImp")
public class UserServiceImp implements IUserService {
@Resource(name = "userDaoImp")
private IUserDao userDao;
public void setUserDao(IUserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
@Override
public void add(User user) {
userDao.add(user);
}
@Override
public void remove(User user) {
userDao.remove(user);
}
@Override
public void update(User user) {
userDao.update(user);
}
@Override
public User findUser(Serializable id) {
return userDao.findUser(id);
}
@Override
public List<User> findAll() {
return userDao.findAll();
}
@Override
public User findUser(User user) {
return userDao.findUser(user);
}
}
UserDaoImp
package com.itkimi.group.dao.imp;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.classic.Session;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.itkimi.group.bean.User;
import com.itkimi.group.dao.IUserDao;
@Repository("userDaoImp")
public class UserDaoImp implements IUserDao{
@Resource(name = "sessionFactory")
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
}
@Override
public void add(User user) {
sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(user);
}
@Override
public void remove(User user) {
sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().delete(user);
}
@Override
public void update(User user) {
sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().update(user);
}
@Override
public User findUser(Serializable id) {
return (User) sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().get(User.class, id);
}
@Override
public List<User> findAll() {
Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
return session.createQuery("from User").list();
}
@Override
public User findUser(User user) {
Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
Query createQuery = session.createQuery("from User u where u.name=? and u.password=?");
createQuery.setString(0, user.getName());
createQuery.setString(1, user.getPassword());
User u = (User) createQuery.uniqueResult();
return u;
}
}
编写过程中遇到的问题总结,在开启Spring注解扫描的时候,启动tomcat莫名其妙的报错,百度了下也没找到答案,无意中将jdk 1.8切换为1.7此问题就解决了,可能造成的原因,某些jar包不是最新的吧;
好了,总结就到这里,相信以后回过头复习会更加深入理解。