java泛型总结(一)

泛型方法

class Arraylg 
{
  public static <T> T getMiddle(T...a)
  {
    return a[a.length / 2];
  }
}

泛型可以在普通类中定义，也可以在泛型类中定义

String middle = Arraylg.<String>getMiddle("a","b","c");

类型变量的限定
类或方法需要对类型变量加以约束

class Arraylg
{
    public static <T> T min(T[] a)
    {
        if (a == null || a.length == 0)
        {
            return null;
        }
        T smallest = a[0];
        for (int i=1;i<a.length;i++)
        {
            if (smallest.compareTo(a[i] > 0))
                smallest = a[i];
        }
        return smallest;
    }
}

smallest类型为T，意味着它可以使任何一个类的对象
—–可以将T限制为实现了Comparable接口
—–public static T min(T[] a)…—–(没错，就是extends，不是implements，因为extends更接近子类的概念)
表示的含义是返回值的类型必须是Comparable的子类
—–也可以用T extends Comparable & Serializable //一个类型变量或通配符可以有多个限定，用&分隔

—–借用java核心技术中的例子

public class pairTest
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        GregorianCalendar birthdays =
        {
            new GregorianCalendar(1906 , Calendar.DECEMBER , 9),
            new GregorianCalendar(1815 , Calendar.DECEMBER , 10),
            new GregorianCalendar(1903 , Calendar.DECEMBER , 3),
            new GregorianCalendar(1910 , Calendar.DECEMBER , 2),            
        };
        Pair<GregorianCalendar> mm = ArrayAlg.minmax(birthdays);
        System.out.println("min = " + mm.getFirst().getTime());
        System.out.println("max = " + mm.getSecond().getTime());
    }
}

class ArrayAlg
{
    public static <T extends Comparable> Pair<T> minmax(T[] a)
    {
        if (a == null || a.length == 0)
            return null;
        T min = a[0];
        T max = a[0];

        for (int i=1;i<a.length;i++)
        {
            if (min.compareTo(a[i]>0))
                min = a[i];
            if (max.compareTo(a[i]<0))
                max = a[i];
        }

        return new Pair<>(min , max);
    }
}

class Pair<T>
{
    private T first;
    private T second;

    public Pair()
    {
        first = null;
        second = null;
    }
    public Pair(T first , T second)
    {
        this.first = first ;
        this.second = second;
    }

    public T getFirst()
    {
        return first;
    }
    public T getSecond
    {
        return second;
    }

    public void setFirst(T newValue)
    {
        first = newValue;
    }
    public void setSecond(T newValue)
    {
        second = newValue; 
    }

}