问题描述:
给定平面上n个点,找其中的一对点,使得在n个点组成的所有点对中,该点对间的距离最小。
注:
a、严格地讲,最接近点对可能多余1对,为简单起见,只找其中的1对作为问题的解。
b、一个简单的算法是——只要将每一个点与其他 n-1 个点的距离算出,找到达到最小距离的2个点即可。然而,这样做效率太低,需要O(n^2)的计算时间。c、已经证明,该问题的计算时间下界为Ω(nlogn)。
算法测试实现:
Jimport javax.swing.JOptionPane;
public class ClosestPair {
//合并排序算法
//定义要排序的的数组
public static class MergeSort{
//排序算法
public static void mergeSort(Comparable a[]){
Comparable b[] = new Comparable[a.length];
int s = 1;
while(s < a.length){
mergePass(a,b,s);//合并到数组b
s += s;
mergePass(b,a,s);//合并到数组a
s += s;
}
}
//合并大小为s的相邻子数组
public static void mergePass(Comparable x[],Comparable y[],int s){
int i = 0;
while(i <= x.length - 2 * s){
//合并大小为s的相邻2段子数组
merge(x,y,i,i + s - 1,i + 2 * s - 1);
i = i + 2 * s;
}
if(i + s < x.length)
merge(x,y,i,i + s - 1,x.length - 1);
else
//复制到y
for(int j = i;j < x.length;j ++)
y[j] = x[j];
}
public static void merge(Comparable c[],Comparable d[],int l,int m,int r){
//合并 c[l:m]和c[m+1:r]到d[l:r]
int i = l,j = m + 1,k = l;
while((i <= m) && (j <= r))
if(c[i].compareTo(c[j]) <= 0){
d[k ++] = c[i ++];
}
else
d[k ++] = c[j ++];
if(i > m)
for(int q = j;q <= r;q ++)
d[k ++] = c[q];
else
for(int q = i;q <= m;q ++)
d[k ++] = c[q];
}
}
public static class Point{
double x,y;
public Point(double xx,double yy){
x = xx;
y = yy;
}
}
public static class Point1 extends Point implements Comparable{
int id;
public Point1(double xx,double yy,int theID){
super(xx,yy);
id = theID;
}
public int compareTo(Object x){
double xx = ((Point1)x).x;
if(this.x < xx)
return -1;
if(this.x == xx)
return 0;
return 1;
}
public boolean equals(Object x){
return this.x == ((Point1)x).x;
}
public void getID(){
System.out.println(id);
}
}
public static class Point2 extends Point implements Comparable{
int p;
public Point2(double xx,double yy,int pp){
super(xx,yy);
p = pp;
}
public int compareTo(Object x){
double xy = ((Point2)x).y;
if(this.y < xy)
return -1;
if(this.y == xy)
return 0;
return 1;
}
public boolean equals(Object x){
return this.y == ((Point2)x).y;
}
//输出点的序号
public void getp(){
System.out.println(p);
}
}
public static class Pair{
Point1 a;
Point1 b;
double dist;
public Pair(Point1 aa,Point1 bb,double dd){
a = aa;
b = bb;
dist = dd;
}
public void print(){
System.out.println("输出点a的序号:");
a.getID();
System.out.println("输出点b的序号:");
b.getID();
System.out.println("输出两点之间的距离:");
System.out.println(dist);
}
}
public static double dist(Point u,Point v){
double dx = u.x - v.x;
double dy = u.y - v.y;
return Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
}
public static Pair cpair2(Point1 x[]){
if(x.length < 2)
return null;
MergeSort.mergeSort(x);
Point2 y[] = new Point2[x.length];
for(int i=0;i < x.length;i ++)
//将数组中x中的点复制到数组y中
y[i] = new Point2(x[i].x,x[i].y,i);
MergeSort.mergeSort(y);//依y排序
Point2 z[] = new Point2[x.length];
//计算最近点对
return closestPair(x,y,z,0,x.length - 1);
}
private static Pair closestPair(Point1 x[],Point2 y[],Point2 z[],int l,int r){
if(r - l == 1)//2点的情形
return new Pair(x[l],x[r],dist(x[l],x[r]));
if(r - l == 2){
//三点的情形
double d1 = dist(x[l],x[l + 1]);
double d2 = dist(x[l + 1],x[r]);
double d3 = dist(x[l],x[r]);
if(d1 <= d2 && d1 <= d3)
return new Pair(x[l],x[l + 1],d1);
if(d2 <= d3)
return new Pair(x[l + 1],x[r],d2);
else
return new Pair(x[l],x[r],d3);
}
//多于3点的情形,用分治法
int m = (l + r) / 2;
int f = l,g = m + 1;
for(int i = l;i <= r;i++)
if(y[i].p > m)
z[g ++] = y[i];
else z[f ++] = y[i];
//递归求解
Pair best = closestPair(x,z,y,l,m);
Pair right = closestPair(x,z,y,m + 1,r);
if(right.dist < best.dist)
best = right;
MergeSort.merge(z,y,l,m,r);//重构数组y
//d矩形条内的点置于z中
int k = l;
for(int i = l;i <= r;i ++)
if(Math.abs(x[m].x - y[i].x) < best.dist)
z[k ++] = y[i];
//搜索z[l:k-1]
for(int i = l;i < k;i++){
for(int j = i + 1;j < k && z[j].y - z[i].y < best.dist;j ++){
double dp = dist(z[i],z[j]);
if(dp < best.dist)
best = new Pair(x[z[i].p],x[z[j].p],dp);
}
}
return best;
}
public static void main(String[]args){
String m = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,"输入点的个数:","最接近点问题",JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE);
int n = Integer.parseInt(m);
Point1 p[] = new Point1[n];
for(int i = 0;i < n;i ++){
String s1=JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,"输入p["+i+"]的横坐标","最接近点问题",JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE);
int x = Integer.parseInt(s1);
String s2 = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,"输入p["+i+"]的纵坐标",
"最接近点问题",JOptionPane.QUESTION_MESSAGE);
int y = Integer.parseInt(s2);
p[i] = new Point1(x,y,i);
}
Pair pair = cpair2(p);
pair.print();
}
}