zuul的主要功能是路由转发和过滤器,默认整合了ribbon实现负载均衡,类似于nginx转发。
微服务架构的几个关键组件:服务注册与发现、服务消费、负载均衡、断路器、智能路由、配置管理等。
微服务架构:客户端请求经过负载均衡,再到达服务网关(zuul集群),然后再到具体的服务;服务统一注册到高可用的服务注册中心集群(eureka),服务的所有配置文件由配置服务管理,配置服务的配置文件放在git(或其他有版本控制)仓库中。
参考文章:
此节代码依赖前几节代码:注册中心eureka,两个service-member服务
代码下载:git——>https://github.com/aeolusway/aeolusway.git
一、本节代码:
(1)包结构
(2)ZuulApp
package com.aeolusway;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableZuulProxy
public class ZuulApp {
public static void main(String args[]){
SpringApplication.run(ZuulApp.class,args);
}
}
开启网关:@EnableZuulProxy
(3)MyFilter
package com.aeolusway.filter;
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
@Component
public class MyFilter extends ZuulFilter {
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyFilter.class);
@Override
public String filterType() {
return "pre";
}
@Override
public int filterOrder() {
//优先级,数字越大,优先级越低
return 0;
}
@Override
public boolean shouldFilter() {
return true;
}
@Override
public Object run() throws ZuulException {
RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
log.info(String.format("%s >>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString()));
Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token");
if (accessToken != null) {
return null;
}
log.warn("token is empty");
ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
try {
ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is empty");
} catch (Exception e) {
}
return null;
}
}
(4)application.yml
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8888/eureka/
server:
port: 8769
spring:
application:
name: service-zuul
zuul:
routes:
api-a:
path: /api-member/**
service-id: service-member
api-b:
path: /api-order/**
service-id: service-order
发送请求:http://localhost:8769/api-member/getUsername
将会转发到:http://localhost:8762/getUsername(即service-member 服务)
(5)pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.aeolusway</groupId>
<artifactId>SprinCloud-Zuul</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
<version>1.4.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
二、代码解析
Filter中四个方法,FilterType,filterOrder,shouldFilter,run
FilterType代表过滤的类型,可返回四个不同生命周期的过滤器类型:
返回字符串 | 生命周期 | 应用 |
pre | Request routing到源web-service之前执行 | Authentication、选择源服务地址 |
routing | Request routing到源web-service之时执行 | 日志记录 |
post | Request routing到源web-service之后执行 | 对Response结果进行修改,收集统计数据、把Response传输回客户端。 |
error | 错误时调用 | 日志记录 |
filterOrder:过滤的顺序,返回数字,数字越大,优先级越低。
shouldFilter:这里可以写逻辑判断,是否要过滤,本文true,永远过滤。
run:过滤器的具体逻辑。
三、测试
因为zuul默认整合了ribbon实现了负载均衡,所以发送请求到 http://localhost:8769/api-member/getUsername后,会按照负载均衡策略(默认为:轮询)访问8762,8763两个服务。