C. Ehab and a Special Coloring Problem

// Problem: C. Ehab and a Special Coloring Problem
// Contest: Codeforces - Codeforces Round #563 (Div. 2)
// URL: https://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/1174/C
// Memory Limit: 256 MB
// Time Limit: 1000 ms
// 2022-03-04 12:19:14
// 
// Powered by CP Editor (https://cpeditor.org)

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define rep(i,l,r) for(int i=(l);i<=(r);i++)
#define per(i,l,r) for(int i=(l);i>=(r);i--)
#define ll long long
#define pii pair<int, int>
#define mset(s,t) memset(s,t,sizeof(t))
#define mcpy(s,t) memcpy(s,t,sizeof(t))
#define fi first
#define se second
#define pb push_back
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
#define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size())
#define mp make_pair

const ll mod = 1e9 + 7;

inline ll qmi (ll a, ll b) {
	ll ans = 1;
	while (b) {
		if (b & 1) ans = ans * a%mod;
		a = a * a %mod;
		b >>= 1;
	}
	return ans;
}
inline int read () {
	int x = 0, f = 0;
	char ch = getchar();
	while (!isdigit(ch)) f |= (ch=='-'),ch= getchar();
	while (isdigit(ch)) x = x * 10 + ch - '0', ch = getchar();
	return f?-x:x;
}
template<typename T> void print(T x) {
	if (x < 0) putchar('-'), x = -x;
	if (x >= 10) print(x/10);
	putchar(x % 10 + '0');
}
inline ll sub (ll a, ll b) {
	return ((a - b ) %mod + mod) %mod;
}
inline ll add (ll a, ll b) {
	return (a + b) %mod;
}
inline ll inv (ll a) {
	return qmi(a, mod - 2);
}
int a[100005];
int n;

bool check (int tar) {
	for (int i = 2; i <= tar / i; i ++)
		if (tar % i == 0) return 0;
	return 1;
}
void solve() {
	cin >> n;
	for (int i = 2;  i<= n; i += 2) 
		a[i] = 1;
	a[3] = 2;
	int maxv = 2;
	for (int i = 5; i <= n; i += 2) {
		if (check(i)) {
			a[i] = (++maxv);
		}
		else {
			for (int j = 2;  j<= i / j; j ++) {
				if (i % j == 0) {
					a[i] = a[j];
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	for (int i = 2; i <= n ;i ++)
		cout << a[i] << " ";
	puts("");
}
int main () {
    int t;
    t =1;
    //cin >> t;
    while (t --) solve();
    return 0;
}

通过从下标开始想。构造一个可行解。所有偶数都为1，奇数分解质因数，只有素数会对最大值有贡献