【运维】Powershell 服务器系统管理信息总结（进程、线程、磁盘、内存、网络、CPU、持续运行时间、系统账户、日志事件）

置顶 jcLee95

已于 2022-06-16 17:21:01 修改

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分类专栏： powershell 运维技术文章标签：运维服务器网络 powershell

于 2022-06-16 17:20:32 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28550263/article/details/125318245

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Powershell 服务器系统管理信息总结
进程、线程、磁盘、内存、网络、CPU、持续运行时间、系统账户、日志事件...

李俊才（jcLee95）的个人博客

邮箱：291148484@163.com

CSDN 主页：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28550263?spm=1001.2101.3001.5343

本文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28550263/article/details/125318245

目录

1. 简单示例与说明

1.1 直接使用
1.2 在脚本中使用

2. 功能查询

3. sysinfos源代码

1. 简单示例与说明

1.1 直接使用

函数均为静态函数，因此通过类进行调用而不是类的实例。返回值以数组和哈希表居多，如：
在这里插入图片描述
由于可能存在对象的嵌套，而powershell终端在现实这些对象时并不会嵌套现实，因此如果你想看到更多的层次，可能需要对这些对象进行序列化，比如转化为JSON格式进行显示，如：

[sysinfos]::GetDiskUsage() | ConvertTo-Json

效果如下：
在这里插入图片描述
可以看到，这个方法输出了当前主机上所有磁盘的使用信息（剩余容量、总容量以及使用率）。

再如，由于在Winserver 2012 以前的系统，Powershell 没有Get-NetAdapter命令，若也想在这些系统上通过 powershell 查看网络设配器信息，可以使用GetNetAdapter方法：

[sysinfos]::GetNetAdapter()

效果如下：
在这里插入图片描述
同样，你也可以将这些信息转换为JSON的格式进行现实：

[sysinfos]::GetNetAdapter() | ConvertTo-Json

在这里插入图片描述
或者直接将这些信息输出为一个.json文档，如：

[sysinfos]::GetNetAdapter() | ConvertTo-Json > C:\Users\a2911\Desktop\NetAdapterInfos.json

运行后将在指定的位置生成相应文本文档
在这里插入图片描述

更多的方法与对应功能的描述请参考 2. 功能查询小节。

1.2 在脚本中使用

以下是以一个从我日常脚本中截取出来的一段，用于运维时获取某台服务器的相关数据，提交到指定的数据集中服务器上以集中管理数据。可以在Windows任务计划中添加定时任务，以定时向数据管理的服务器来提交最新的服务器运行数据。

using module .\jcstdio\os.psm1
using module .\jcstdio\http.psm1

$body = @{
    HostName = "MYSERVER_XX";
    IPAddress = [sysinfos]::GetIpAddress();              # 获取IP相关数据
    CPU_Load = [sysinfos]::GetCPULoad();                 # 获取CPU使用率，数组（针对多CUP、多核心）
    Drive_Space = [sysinfos]::GetDiskUsage();            # 各个硬盘分区的使用情况
    MemoryInfos = [sysinfos]::GetMemoryInfos();          # 内存相关信息，如使用率
    System_Running_Time = [sysinfos]::GetSystemRunningTime();
    Java_Service = [sysinfos]::GetProcessInfos()["JavaService.exe"];
    Oracle_Service = [sysinfos]::GetProcessInfos()["oracle.exe"];
    JBoss_Services =   [sysinfos]::GetServiceInfos()["JBoss"];
};

$requests = [requests]::new();
$requests.post("http://xx.xx.xx:xxxx/xxx/",($body | ConvertTo-Json))

2. 功能查询

函数名	描述
`GetServiceInfos`	获取指定服务的相关数据
`GetProcessInfos`	获取所有进程的相关数据
`IP4RouteTable`	表示控制网络数据包路由的信息
`GetSystemRunningTime`	获取系统持续运行时间
`GetCPULoad`	获取CUP各核心使用率
`GetThread`	获取执行线程
`GetNetAdapter`	获取网络适配器信息
`GetIpAddress`	从ipconfig中获取各网络硬件地址信息
`GetNetAdapterByDeviceID`
`GetNetAdapterByName`
`GetNetAdapterByMACAddress`
`GetVolume`	获取计算机上的存储区域
`GetMemoryInfos`	获取内存相关数据，如使用率等
`GetLocalTime`	获取计算机本地时间
`GetSessionProcess`	获取登录会话与该会话关联的进程之间的关联
`GetSystemAccount`	获取Windows系统账户
`GetUserAccount`	获取Windows系统上的用户账户信息
`GetStartupCommand`	获取当用户登录到计算机时自动运行的命令
`GetUserInDomain`	获取关联用户账户和 Windows NT 域
`GetNTLogEvent`	获取Windows事件
`GetNTEventLogFile`	获取存储在Windows事件日志中的数据
`GetDiskPartition`	获取运行Windows的计算机系统上物理磁盘分区区域的功能和管理容量
`GetDiskUsage`	获取所有分区使用情况
`GetLogicalProgramGroup`	获取运行Windows的计算机系统中的程序组
`GetLogicalProgramGroupDirectory`	将逻辑程序组 (分组关联到"开始"菜单) 中，以及存储它们的文件目录
`GetLogicalProgramGroupItem`	表示由Win32_ProgramGroup 实例包含的元素，该元素本身不是另一个 Win32_ProgramGroup 实例
`GetLogicalProgramGroupItemDataFile`	将"开始"菜单的程序组项及其存储在其中的文件关联
`GetProgramGroupContents`	关联程序组顺序和包含的单个程序组或项
`GetProgramGroupOrItem`	获取用户"开始"菜单

3. sysinfos源代码

以下可单独存为psm1模块：

<#
@Auth: Jack Lee;
@Email: 291148484@163.com;
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
#>

class sysinfos {

    static [object]GetServiceInfos() {
        <# Get the related data of the specified service. #>
        $services = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Service
        $service_info=@{}
        foreach ($i in $services) {
            $ServiceName = $i.Name
            if($ServiceName -ne $null){
                
                $service_info[$ServiceName] =  @{};
                $service_info[$ServiceName]["ExitCode"] = $i.ExitCode;
                $service_info[$ServiceName]["ProcessID"] = $i.ProcessID;
                $service_info[$ServiceName]["StartMode"] = $i.StartMode;
                $service_info[$ServiceName]["State"] = $i.State;
                $service_info[$ServiceName]["Status"] = $i.Status;
            }
            
        }
        return $service_info
    }
    # (GetServiceInfos)["JBoss"] | ConvertTo-Json

    static [object]IP4RouteTable(){
        <# Information that controls the routing of network packets #>
        return Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_IP4RouteTable
    }
   


    static [object]GetProcessInfos() {
        <# Get the relevant data of all processes #>
        $process = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Process;
        $process_info=@{};
        
        foreach ($i in $process) {

            $ProcessName = $i.Name
            if($ProcessName -ne $null){
                
                $process_info[$ProcessName] = @{};
                $process_info[$ProcessName]["Path"] = $i.Path; 
                $process_info[$ProcessName]["ExecutablePath"] = $i.ExecutablePath; 
                $process_info[$ProcessName]["Description"] = $i.Description;
                $process_info[$ProcessName]["CreationDate"] = $i.CreationDate;
                $process_info[$ProcessName]["InstallDate"] = $i.InstallDate;
                $process_info[$ProcessName]["TerminationDate"] = $i.TerminationDate;
                $process_info[$ProcessName]["UserModeTime"] = $i.UserModeTime;
                $process_info[$ProcessName]["Prioroty"] = $i.Prioroty;
                $process_info[$ProcessName]["Status"] = $i.Status;
                $process_info[$ProcessName]["SessionID"] = $i.SessionID;
                $process_info[$ProcessName]["ThreadCount"] = $i.ThreadCount;
                $process_info[$ProcessName]["CSName"] = $i.CSName;
                $process_info[$ProcessName]["Handle"] = $i.Handle;
                $process_info[$ProcessName]["HandleCount"] = $i.HandleCount;
                $process_info[$ProcessName]["VirtualSize"] = $i.VirtualSize;
                $process_info[$ProcessName]["WorkSetSize"] = $i.WorkSetSize;
            }
            
        }
        return $process_info
    }

    static [object]GetSystemRunningTime() {
        <# Get the running time of the system #>
        return ([Environment]::TickCount /86400000).ToString().Substring(0,3)+" D"
    }

    static [object]GetCPULoad(){
        <# Get the utilization rate of each core of CUP #>
        return @((Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_processor).LoadPercentage)
    }

    static [object]GetThread(){
        <# Get execution thread #>
        return Get-WMIObject -Class Win32_Thread
    }

    static [object]GetNetAdapter(){
        <# This method is used to obtain network adapter information on systems before WinServer2012/Win8.1, because Get-NetAdater is not available in these systems. #>
        return Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_NetworkAdapter
    }
    # GetNetAdapter  | ConvertTo-Json

    static [string]GetIpAddress(){
        $items = @{}
        $Name = "_?"
        foreach ($i in (ipconfig|findstr ":")) {
            
            if ($i.Split(":")[1] -eq ""){
                $Name = ($i.Split(":")[0]).Replace(" ","_")
                $items[$Name] = @{}
            }
            else{
                if($i.Contains("DNS")){
                    $items[$Name]["DNS Suffix"] = ($i.Split(": ")[1].Replace(" ",""))
                }
                if($i.Contains("IPv4")){
                    $items[$Name]["IPv4"] = ($i.Split(":")[1].Replace(" ",""))
                }
                if($i.Contains("IPv6")){
                    $items[$Name]["IPv6"] = ($i.Split(": ")[1].Replace(" ",""))
                }
            }
        }
        return $items
    }

    static [object]GetNetAdapterByDeviceID([int]$DeviceID){
        return Get-WMIObject -class Win32_NetworkAdapter -Filter DeviceID=$DeviceID
    }

    static [object]GetNetAdapterByName([string]$Name){
        return Get-WMIObject -class Win32_NetworkAdapter -Filter Name=$Name
    }

    static [object]GetNetAdapterByMACAddress([string]$MACAddress){
        return Get-WMIObject -class Win32_NetworkAdapter -Filter MACAddress=$MACAddress
    }

    static [object]GetVolume(){
        <# Get the storage area on the computer #>
        return Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Volume
    }

    static [object]GetMemoryInfos(){
        $PhysicalMemory = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_PhysicalMemory
        $free_total = ([math]::round(((Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_OperatingSystem).FreePhysicalMemory / (1mb)), 2))
        $Speed = @($PhysicalMemory.Speed);
        $Speed_Average = [math]::round((($PhysicalMemory.Capacity | Measure-Object -Average).Average /1000000),1)
        $capacity_total = [math]::round((($PhysicalMemory.Capacity | Measure-Object -Sum).Sum /1gb))
        return @{
            Capacitys = $PhysicalMemory.Capacity;
            Speeds=$Speed;
            Speed_Average = $Speed_Average
            Capacity_total = $capacity_total.ToString()+' Gb';
            Free_total = $free_total.ToString()+' Gb';
            Usage_Rate = ([math]::round(($capacity_total-$free_total)/$capacity_total, 2)).ToString() + '%'
        }

    }

    static [object]GetLocalTime(){
        <# This method is used to obtain the local time of the computer #>
        return Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_LocalTime
    }

    static [object]GetSessionProcess(){
        <# Get the association between the login session and the process associated with the session #>
        return Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_SessionProcess
    }

    static [object]GetSystemAccount(){
        <# Get Windows system account #>
        return Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_SystemAccount
    }

    static [object]GetUserAccount(){
        <# Get user account information on Windows system #>
        return Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_UserAccount
    }

    static [object]GetStartupCommand(){
        <# Get the command that runs automatically when the user logs in to the computer #>
        return Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_StartupCommand
    }

    static [object]GetUserInDomain(){
        <# Get associated user account and Windows NT domain #>
        return Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_UserInDomain
    }

    static [object]GetNTLogEvent(){
        <# Get Windows events #>
        return Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_NTLogEvent
    }

    static [object]GetNTEventLogFile(){
        <# Get the data stored in the windows event log #>
        return Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_NTEventLogFile
    }

    static [object]GetDiskPartition(){
        <# Get the function and management capacity of the physical disk partition area on the computer system running Windows. #>
        return Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_DiskPartition
    }

    static [object]GetDiskUsage() {
        <# Get all partition usage #>
        $logicaldisk = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Logicaldisk
        $disk_info=@{}
        foreach ($i in $logicaldisk) {
            $DeviceID = ($i.DeviceID).ToString();
            
            if($DeviceID -ne $null){
                $disk_info[$DeviceID] = @{}
            
                if(($i.Size -ne 0) -and  ($i.Size -ne $null)){
                    $disk_info[$DeviceID]['Total'] = ($i.Size/1073741824).ToString().Substring(0,5)+"Gb";
                    $disk_info[$DeviceID]['Free'] = ($i.FreeSpace/1073741824).ToString().Substring(0,5)+"Gb";
                    $disk_info[$DeviceID]['Usage'] = ((($i.Size-$i.FreeSpace) / $i.Size)*100).ToString().Substring(0,5)+"%"
                }else{
                    $disk_info[$DeviceID]['Total'] = $null
                    $disk_info[$DeviceID]['Free'] = $null
                    $disk_info[$DeviceID]['Usage'] = $null
                }
            }  
        }
        return $disk_info
    }

    # start menu

    static [object]GetLogicalProgramGroup(){
        <# Get the program group in the computer system running Windows #>
        return Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_LogicalProgramGroup
    }

    static [object]GetLogicalProgramGroupDirectory(){
        <# Associating logical program groups (grouping them into the Start menu) and the file directory where they are stored #>
        return Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_LogicalProgramGroupDirectory
    }

    static [object]GetLogicalProgramGroupItem(){
        <# Represents an element contained by a Win32_ProgramGroup instance, which is not another Win32_ProgramGroup instance #>
        return Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_LogicalProgramGroupItem
    }

    static [object]GetLogicalProgramGroupItemDataFile(){
        <# Associates the program group items in the Start menu with the files stored in them #>
        return Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_LogicalProgramGroupItemDataFile
    }

    static [object]GetProgramGroupContents(){
        <# Associates the sequence of program groups and the contained individual program groups or items #>
        return Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_ProgramGroupContents
    }

    static [object]GetProgramGroupOrItem(){
        <# Get the logical grouping of programs on the user's Start menu |Programs menu #>
        return et-WmiObject -Class Win32_ProgramGroupOrItem
    }

}