Spring Boot 中一般来说定时任务使用@Scheduler注解或者Quartz框架,或者自定义线程实现,最简单的当属@Scheduler注解
依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
创建Application
@SpringBootApplication
//此注解开启异步定时任务,必须要有
@EnableScheduling
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
创建任务
@Component
public class SpringJob {
//springboot扫描到这个注解就会按照定义的计划去执行任务
//cron是cron表达式,因为很简单但是描述要话费比较多的篇幅,所以略
@Scheduled(cron = "0/1 * * * * ?")
public void myJob(){
//任务处理逻辑
System.out.println(new Date() +"Spring Scheduler 执行");
}
}
启动 Application
上述是一个最简单的单job cron调度的实现.
@Scheduler中的参数
String cron() default "";
String zone() default "";
long fixedDelay() default -1;
String fixedDelayString() default "";
long fixedRate() default -1;
String fixedRateString() default "";
long initialDelay() default -1;
String initialDelayString() default "";
String cron() default “”;
接收一个cron表达式字符串,以cron表达式调度任务
String zone() default “”;
设置时区,不设置的话cron就基于服务器所在的本地时区
long fixedDelay() default -1;
设置任务间隔时间(毫秒),就是任务结束后再过多久开始新的任务
String fixedDelayString() default “”;
同 long fixedDelay(),只是把参数从long改成string
long fixedRate() default -1;
设置任务每隔多久开启
String fixedRateString() default “”;
同 long fixedRate() 只是把参数从long改成string
long initialDelay() default -1;
第一次执行延迟时间(启动后多久才开始任务)
String initialDelayString() default “”;
同 long initialDelay()
spring boot 默认开启一个线程执行任务:
@Component
public class SpringJob {
@Scheduled(fixedRateString = "1000")
public void myJob2() throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println(new Date() +" job开启");
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println(new Date() +" job结束");
}
}
执行结果:
Fri Jul 31 10:34:16 CST 2020 job开启
Fri Jul 31 10:34:18 CST 2020 job结束
Fri Jul 31 10:34:18 CST 2020 job开启
Fri Jul 31 10:34:20 CST 2020 job结束
Fri Jul 31 10:34:20 CST 2020 job开启
Fri Jul 31 10:34:22 CST 2020 job结束
Fri Jul 31 10:34:22 CST 2020 job开启
Fri Jul 31 10:34:24 CST 2020 job结束
Fri Jul 31 10:34:24 CST 2020 job开启
Fri Jul 31 10:34:26 CST 2020 job结束
Fri Jul 31 10:34:26 CST 2020 job开启
Fri Jul 31 10:34:28 CST 2020 job结束
Fri Jul 31 10:34:28 CST 2020 job开启
Fri Jul 31 10:34:30 CST 2020 job结束
设置的任务为每隔1秒中开启一次,一次任务执行时间是2秒,但是发现执行的过程是,同一时间只有一个线程在执行.也就是单线程执行
现在执行两个job,单线程情况下,自然也是无法并发的
@Component
public class SpringJob {
@Scheduled(fixedRateString = "2000")
public void myJob() throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println(new Date() +" job1开始");
Thread.sleep(10000);
System.out.println(new Date() +" job1结束");
}
@Scheduled(fixedRateString = "1000")
public void myJob2() throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println(new Date() +" job2开启");
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println(new Date() +" job2结束");
}
}
执行结果:
Fri Jul 31 10:51:56 CST 2020 job1开始
Fri Jul 31 10:52:06 CST 2020 job1结束
Fri Jul 31 10:52:06 CST 2020 job2开启
Fri Jul 31 10:52:08 CST 2020 job2结束
Fri Jul 31 10:52:08 CST 2020 job2开启
Fri Jul 31 10:52:10 CST 2020 job2结束
Fri Jul 31 10:52:10 CST 2020 job1开始
Fri Jul 31 10:52:20 CST 2020 job1结束
Fri Jul 31 10:52:20 CST 2020 job2开启
Fri Jul 31 10:52:22 CST 2020 job2结束
Fri Jul 31 10:52:22 CST 2020 job2开启
Fri Jul 31 10:52:24 CST 2020 job2结束
任务的每次执行,无论是单个任务多次执行,还是多个任务一次执行,对于线程来说都是一样的,都需要开启一个线程.有几个线程就可以几个任务(或者相同任务的多次)并发执行
默认情况下,scheduler只有一个线程
自定义线程池,添加一个配置类
@Configuration
public class ScheduleConfig implements SchedulingConfigurer {
@Override
public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar taskRegistrar) {
taskRegistrar.setScheduler(setExecutor());
}
@Bean
public Executor setExecutor() {
//设置线程个数,这里我们设置5个(同一时间可以并行执行5个线程)
return Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
}
}
此时执行上方的单个任务:
Fri Jul 31 10:55:18 CST 2020 job开启
Fri Jul 31 10:55:20 CST 2020 job结束
Fri Jul 31 10:55:20 CST 2020 job开启
Fri Jul 31 10:55:22 CST 2020 job结束
Fri Jul 31 10:55:22 CST 2020 job开启
Fri Jul 31 10:55:24 CST 2020 job结束
Fri Jul 31 10:55:24 CST 2020 job开启
Fri Jul 31 10:55:26 CST 2020 job结束
单个任务还是只能串行执行.
执行上方的两个任务:
Fri Jul 31 10:59:59 CST 2020 job2开启
Fri Jul 31 10:59:59 CST 2020 job1开始
Fri Jul 31 11:00:01 CST 2020 job2结束
Fri Jul 31 11:00:01 CST 2020 job2开启
Fri Jul 31 11:00:03 CST 2020 job2结束
Fri Jul 31 11:00:03 CST 2020 job2开启
Fri Jul 31 11:00:05 CST 2020 job2结束
Fri Jul 31 11:00:05 CST 2020 job2开启
Fri Jul 31 11:00:07 CST 2020 job2结束
Fri Jul 31 11:00:07 CST 2020 job2开启
Fri Jul 31 11:00:09 CST 2020 job1结束
Fri Jul 31 11:00:09 CST 2020 job1开始
Fri Jul 31 11:00:09 CST 2020 job2结束
发现任务跟job1与job2之间是可以并发执行的.但是对于job1的多次任务,job2的多次任务,都是串行执行的.
现在线程池中有多个线程,job与job之间可以并发,如何让单个job的多次可以并发执行,就需要@Async注解,此注解要用在job的方法上.@EnableAsync注解,此注解要在Application类上,此时,job的多次执行也可以并发执行了.
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
@EnableAsync
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
@Component
public class SpringJob {
@Async
@Scheduled(fixedRateString = "2000")
public void myJob() throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println(new Date() + " job1开始");
Thread.sleep(10000);
System.out.println(new Date() + " job1结束");
}
@Scheduled(fixedRateString = "1000")
public void myJob2() throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println(new Date() + " job2开启");
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println(new Date() + " job2结束");
}
}
执行结果:
Fri Jul 31 11:08:57 CST 2020 job2开启
Fri Jul 31 11:08:57 CST 2020 job1开始
Fri Jul 31 11:08:59 CST 2020 job1开始
Fri Jul 31 11:08:59 CST 2020 job2结束
Fri Jul 31 11:08:59 CST 2020 job2开启
Fri Jul 31 11:09:01 CST 2020 job1开始
Fri Jul 31 11:09:01 CST 2020 job2结束
Fri Jul 31 11:09:01 CST 2020 job2开启
Fri Jul 31 11:09:03 CST 2020 job1开始
Fri Jul 31 11:09:03 CST 2020 job2结束
Fri Jul 31 11:09:03 CST 2020 job2开启
可以发现job1在前一次没有执行完时,就已经开始执行了.
重要一点:
自定线程池Configuration是为了启用多线程,此时可以起到job1与job2之间的并发执行,但是job1多次任务只能串行执行,所以才增加了@Aysnc跟@EnableAsync注解.
@EnableAsync注解有两个作用,1单线程变多线程,2 可以允许单个job多次运行时并行执行(需要再加@Async),如果已经是多线程了,但是不加此注解,同一个job的多次执行还是串行.
其实在使用@EnableAsync注解的时候,springboot会把自定义的configuration给覆盖掉,即使在configuration中配置了单个线程,任务的并发也不会受到影响.所以推荐使用@EnableAsync来完成多线程配置再加@Aysnc来完成任务的并发.