关于for循环与for-each的效率比较

在翻看Java相关的面试题时看到一个问题，普通for循环和for-each的效率孰优孰劣？

于是写了一个简单的例子做了一些对比，如下：

package com.yummy.nowcoder;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;

/**
 * Created by qq985 on 2017/3/13.
 */
public class TestForTime {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ArrayList<Integer> arrayList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++) {
            arrayList.add(1);
        }
        long startTime;
        long endTime;

        System.out.println("=======对ArrayList操作=======");

        startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
        int size = arrayList.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {

        }
        endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
        System.out.println("空循环耗时:" + (endTime - startTime)+"ms");

        startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
        int size2 = arrayList.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < size2; i++) {
            int iValue = arrayList.get(i);
        }
        endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
        System.out.println("普通for循环，使用get()耗时:" + (endTime - startTime)+"ms");

        startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
        for (int iValue : arrayList) {

        }
        endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
        System.out.println("for-each耗时:" + (endTime - startTime)+"ms");

        startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
        Iterator iterator = arrayList.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
            int iValue = (int) iterator.next();
        }
        endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
        System.out.println("使用Iterator耗时:" + (endTime - startTime)+"ms");


        LinkedList<Integer> linkedList = new LinkedList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
            linkedList.add(1);
        }

        System.out.println("=======对LinkedList操作=======");

        startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
        int size3 = linkedList.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < size3; i++) {

        }
        endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
        System.out.println("空循环耗时:" + (endTime - startTime)+"ms");

        startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
        int size4 = linkedList.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < size4; i++) {
            int iValue = linkedList.get(i);
        }
        endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
        System.out.println("普通for循环，使用get()耗时:" + (endTime - startTime)+"ms");

        startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
        for (int iValue : linkedList) {

        }
        endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
        System.out.println("for-each耗时:" + (endTime - startTime)+"ms");

        startTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
        Iterator iterator2 = linkedList.iterator();
        while (iterator2.hasNext()) {
            int iValue = (int) iterator2.next();
        }
        endTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
        System.out.println("使用Iterator耗时:" + (endTime - startTime)+"ms");
    }
}

实验中，分别使用了ArrayList和LinkedList作为操作对象，结果如下：

=======对ArrayList操作=======
空循环耗时:27ms
普通for循环，使用get()耗时:126ms
for-each耗时:257ms
使用Iterator耗时:180ms
=======对LinkedList操作=======
空循环耗时:2ms
普通for循环，使用get()耗时:3495ms
for-each耗时:3ms
使用Iterator耗时:3ms


Process finished with exit code 0

由运行结果可以看出，若以ArrayList作为操作对象，for-each的效率比普通for循环低许多，但是若以LinkedList作为操作对象，for-each的效率与普通for循环的效率不在一个量级，原因也是因为对LinkedList使用了get(index)，导致每次访问数据需从链表头开始遍历，耗时增加。