字符串的操作

//头文件
#ifndef MYSTRING_H
#define MYSTRING_H
#include
   
   
    
    
#include
    
    
     
     
using namespace std;

const int stringLnegth = 100;
class StringIndexOutOfBounds{};

class String{

private:
	char* buffer;//存储字符
	int bufferLength;//字符数组的最大长度,即缓冲容量
	int size;//记录字符串的长度

public:
	String(){
		this->buffer = NULL;
	}
	String(const char* cstring);
	String(const String& str);
	~String();
	//在定义复制函数是要考虑自检测，便面相同地址在进行一次复制
	const String& operator=(const String &str);
	const String& operator+=(const String &str);
	String Substr(int index, int count);
	const char *c_str()const;//返回首字母
	int Length()const;
	char operator[](int pos)const;//返回pos处的值
	char& operator[](int pos);

	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const String& str);
	friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, String& str);
	friend bool operator==(const String& str, const String& ptr);
	friend bool operator!=(const String& str, const String& ptr);
	friend bool operator<(const String& str, const String& ptr);
	friend bool operator<=(const String& str, const String& ptr);
	friend bool operator>(const String& str, const String& ptr);
	friend bool operator>=(const String& str, const String& ptr);
};
String::String(const char* cstring)
{
	if (cstring == NULL)
		cstring = "";
	this->bufferLength = strlen(cstring)+1;
	try{
		this->buffer = new char[this->bufferLength];
	}
	catch (exception e){
		cout << "空间未开辟成功！" << endl;
	}
	strcpy_s(this->buffer,this->bufferLength,cstring);
	size = strlen(this->buffer);
}
String::String(const String& str)
{
	this->bufferLength = str.Length() + 1;
	try{
		this->buffer = new char[this->bufferLength];
	}
	catch (exception e){
		cout << "空间为开辟成功！" << endl;
	}
	strcpy_s(this->buffer,this->bufferLength,str.buffer);
	size = strlen(this->buffer);
}
String::~String()
{
	delete[]this->buffer;
}
const String& String::operator=(const String& str)
{
	//进行自检测，如果两地址不相同，则可以进行以下过程，否则返回*this
	if (this != &str)
	{
		if (this->bufferLength < str.bufferLength)
		{
			delete[]this->buffer;
			this->bufferLength = str.bufferLength + 1;
			this->buffer = new char[this->bufferLength];
		}
		strcpy_s(this->buffer,this->bufferLength,str.buffer);
	}
	size = strlen(this->buffer);
	return *this;
}
const String& String::operator+=(const String& str)
{
	//自检测，是否地址相同
	if (this == &str)
	{
		String copy(str);
		//调用+=运算符，实现字符串的链接
		return *this += copy;
	}
	//因为要合并连个字符串，所以先得到两个字符串的长度和
	int newLength = this->Length() + str.Length();
	if (newLength > this->bufferLength)
	{
		//如果空间现有空间要小于两个字符串合并后的空间，则重新开辟以是newLength+1长度2倍的空间，来存放两个字符串
		this->bufferLength = (newLength + 1) * 2;
		char *oldBuffer = this->buffer;
		this->buffer = new char[this->bufferLength];
		strcpy_s(this->buffer,this->bufferLength, oldBuffer);
		delete[]oldBuffer;
	}
	strcpy_s(this->buffer + Length(),str.bufferLength, str.buffer);
	size = strlen(this->buffer);
	return *this;
}
String String::Substr(int index, int count)
{
	//从下标为index处开始，抽取count个字符
	int left = size - index;//从index开始到字符串尾部共有left个字符
	String temp;
	char *p, *q;
	if (index >= size)
	{
		//如果抽取字符串的位置超过的字符的长度，则返回空字符串
		return temp;
	}
	if (count > left)
	{
		//如果抽取的字符串长度大于从index开始到结束字符之间的长度，则count变小
		count = left;
	}
	delete[]temp.buffer;
	temp.buffer = new char[count + 1];
	p = temp.buffer;
	q = &this->buffer[index];
	for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
	{
		*p++ = *q++;
	}
	*p = '\0';
	temp.size = count;
	return temp;
}
const char* String::c_str()const
{
	//返回首字母的地址
	return this->buffer;
}
int String::Length()const
{
	return this->size;
}
char String::operator[](int pos)const
{
	if (pos<0 && pos>size)
		throw StringIndexOutOfBounds();
	return this->buffer[pos];
}
char & String::operator[](int pos)
{
	if (pos<0 && pos>size)
		throw StringIndexOutOfBounds();
	return this->buffer[pos];
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const String& str)
{
	out << str.buffer;
	return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& in, String& str)
{
	char buf[stringLnegth + 1];
	in.getline(buf,stringLnegth);
	if (!in.fail())
	{
		str.buffer = buf;
	}
	return in;
}
bool operator==(const String& str, const String& ptr)
{
	if (strcmp(str.buffer, ptr.buffer) == 0)
		return true;
	return false;
}
bool operator!=(const String& str, const String& ptr)
{
	if (strcmp(str.buffer, ptr.buffer) == 0)
		return false;
	return true;
}
bool operator<(const String& str, const String& ptr)
{
	if (strcmp(str.buffer, ptr.buffer) < 0)
	{
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
bool operator<=(const String& str, const String& ptr)
{
	if (strcmp(str.buffer, ptr.buffer) <= 0)
	{
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
bool operator>(const String& str, const String& ptr)
{
	if (strcmp(str.buffer, ptr.buffer) > 0)
	{
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
bool operator>=(const String& str, const String& ptr)
{
	if (strcmp(str.buffer, ptr.buffer) >= 0)
	{
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
#endif
//主函数
#include"MyStringh.h"

int main(int argc, char argv[])
{
	String temp = "uhfvorgueiwhbgrfiuhdafiu";
	String str = "fuihuriehvhdfuih";
	cout << temp << endl;
	cout << str << endl;
	if (str < temp)
	{
		cout << "str
     
     
      
      << endl;
	}
	else
		cout << "str>temp" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < temp.Length(); i++)
	{
		cout << temp[i] << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;
	return 0;
}