Docker学习进程（二）

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-07 08:20:43 发布

比利时署球

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-07 08:20:43 发布

阅读量642

点赞数 1

分类专栏： Docker 文章标签： docker

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28654919/article/details/87360468

版权

Docker 专栏收录该内容

3 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

本文详细介绍了Docker的学习过程，包括编写Dockerfile创建镜像，分享镜像到Docker Hub，使用docker-compose管理多容器应用，以及搭建和在Swarm集群上部署应用。通过一步步操作，读者可以掌握Docker的核心功能。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

以下按照官网教程一步一步操作学习docker

常用命令：

删除所有容器
docker rm `docker ps -a -q`

查看所有容器
docker container ls --all

停止单个容器
docker container stop  容器id

停用全部运行中的容器
docker stop $(docker ps -q)

一条命令实现停用并删除容器
docker stop $(docker ps -q) & docker rm $(docker ps -aq)

删除所有镜像
docker rmi `docker images -q`

删除单个镜像
docker rmi 镜像id

删除无效镜像
docker image prune
或者
docker rmi `docker image ls -f dangling=true -q`

一 Dockerfile

Docker通过读取Dockerfile中的指令自动生成镜像，按我的理解就是，把整个应用环境显示的表达了出来，然后docker按照Dockerfile生成最终我们需要的运行环境。

1.1 建一个新目录，然后创建Dockerfile文件，复制黏贴一下内容

# Use an official Python runtime as a parent image
# 官网原本是这个：  FROM python:2.7-slim ，但我运行不了，换成下面那个了
FROM python:3.6

# Set the working directory to /app
WORKDIR /app

# Copy the current directory contents into the container at /app
COPY . /app

# Install any needed packages specified in requirements.txt
RUN pip install --trusted-host pypi.python.org -r requirements.txt

# Make port 80 available to the world outside this container
EXPOSE 80

# Define environment variable
ENV NAME World

# Run app.py when the container launches
CMD ["python", "app.py"]

1.2 之后再创建两个文件，requirements.txt 和 app. py。

requirements.txt

Flask
Redis

app. py

from flask import Flask
from redis import Redis, RedisError
import os
import socket

# Connect to Redis
redis = Redis(host="redis", db=0, socket_connect_timeout=2, socket_timeout=2)

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    try:
        visits = redis.incr("counter")
    except RedisError:
        visits = "<i>cannot connect to Redis, counter disabled</i>"

    html = "<h3>Hello {name}!</h3>" \
           "<b>Hostname:</b> {hostname}<br/>" \
           "<b>Visits:</b> {visits}"
    return html.format(name=os.getenv("NAME", "world"), hostname=socket.gethostname(), visits=visits)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=80)

查看该目录应该是以下这样的

$ ls
Dockerfile		app.py			requirements.txt

1.3 创建docker镜像

docker build --tag=friendlyhello .

可以使用 -t

这个时候可以查看镜像了

$ docker image ls

REPOSITORY            TAG                 IMAGE ID
friendlyhello         latest              326387cea398

1.4 运行应用程序

docker run -p 4000:80 friendlyhello

* Serving Flask app "app" (lazy loading)
 * Environment: production
   WARNING: Do not use the development server in a production environment.
   Use a production WSGI server instead.
 * Debug mode: off
 * Running on http://0.0.0.0:80/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
172.17.0.1 - - [15/Feb/2019 06:41:44] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
172.17.0.1 - - [15/Feb/2019 06:41:44] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -

python内部产生的服务端口是80，但消息来自容器内部，可以设置端口为4000。访问地址：http://localhost:4000

可以看到产生如下界面。CTRL+C 退出终端
4000
在后台以分离模式运行应用程序,这相当于隐藏在后台运行

docker run -d -p 4000:80 friendlyhello

返回长容器id
4f8862d7a00374f52cf51d3dee66ccf3b49f366ce5267a1cc929ce2de8407312

查看容器
zldeMacBook-Air-5:celery_test zl$ docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
4f8862d7a003        friendlyhello       "python app.py"     About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:4000->80/tcp   quizzical_meninsky

停止容器
docker container stop  容器id

二分享镜像

2.1 创建docker id 网址：https://hub.docker.com/
2.2 登录本地docker

docker login

zldeMacBook-Air-5:celery_test zl$ docker login
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: #########
Password: 
Login Succeeded

2.3 标记镜像

docker tag image username/repository:tag

例子
zldeMacBook-Air-5:celery_test zl$ docker tag friendlyhello #######/docker-com:part1
zldeMacBook-Air-5:celery_test zl$ docker image ls
REPOSITORY             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
#########/docker-com   part1               45df9f7a34e3        36 minutes ago      932MB
friendlyhello          latest              45df9f7a34e3        36 minutes ago      932MB
python                 3.6                 e0a418687f6c        2 days ago          922MB

2.4 发布镜像

docker push username/repository:tag

2.5 从远程存储库中拉出并运行镜像

docker run -p 4000:80 username/repository:tag

无论在哪里docker run执行，它都会提取您的图像，以及Python和所有依赖项requirements.txt，并运行您的代码。它们都在一个整洁的小包中一起旅行，你不需要在主机上安装任何东西让Docker运行它。

三 docker-compose.yml

3.1 创建docker-compose.yml

version: "3"
services:
  web:
    # replace username/repo:tag with your name and image details
    image: username/repo:tag
    deploy:
      replicas: 5
      resources:
        limits:
          cpus: "0.1"
          memory: 50M
      restart_policy:
        condition: on-failure
    ports:
      - "4000:80"
    networks:
      - webnet
networks:
  webnet:

该docker-compose.yml文件告诉Docker执行以下操作：

拉上传的镜像
将该镜像的5个实例作为调用的服务运行web，限制每个实例使用，最多10％的CPU（跨所有内核）和50MB的RAM。
如果一个失败，立即重启容器。
将主机上的端口4000映射到web端口80。
指示web容器通过称为负载平衡的网络共享端口80 webnet。（在内部，容器本身web在短暂的端口发布到 80端口。）
webnet使用默认设置（负载平衡的覆盖网络）定义网络。

3.2 运行新的负载均衡应用

docker swarm init

3.3 为应用程序命名。在这里，它被设置为 getstartedlab：

zldeMacBook-Air-5:celery_test zl$ docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml getstartedlab
Creating network getstartedlab_webnet
Creating service getstartedlab_web

3.4 查看服务

zldeMacBook-Air-5:celery_test zl$ docker service ls
ID                  NAME                MODE                REPLICAS            IMAGE                        PORTS
08zb9um5hp59        getstartedlab_web   replicated          5/5                 284794223/docker-com:part1   *:4000->80/tcp

在服务中运行的单个容器称为任务。任务被赋予以数字递增的唯一ID,列出服务任务

zldeMacBook-Air-5:celery_test zl$ docker service ps getstartedlab_web
ID                  NAME                  IMAGE                        NODE                    DESIRED STATE       CURRENT STATE           ERROR               PORTS
l8hmq01l0jap        getstartedlab_web.1   284794223/docker-com:part1   linuxkit-025000000001   Running             Running 2 minutes ago                       
w8ttti8a2yvi        getstartedlab_web.2   284794223/docker-com:part1   linuxkit-025000000001   Running             Running 2 minutes ago                       
qeyugcp87euy        getstartedlab_web.3   284794223/docker-com:part1   linuxkit-025000000001   Running             Running 2 minutes ago                       
o65p8ajedy4q        getstartedlab_web.4   284794223/docker-com:part1   linuxkit-025000000001   Running             Running 2 minutes ago                       
92gd50jd4zv0        getstartedlab_web.5   284794223/docker-com:part1   linuxkit-025000000001   Running             Running 2 minutes ago

列出容器，任务也会显示

zldeMacBook-Air-5:celery_test zl$ docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                        COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
4a524d0c6432        284794223/docker-com:part1   "python app.py"     3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes        80/tcp              getstartedlab_web.4.o65p8ajedy4q0dwai7eiicjho
b8e953ce46e5        284794223/docker-com:part1   "python app.py"     3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes        80/tcp              getstartedlab_web.2.w8ttti8a2yvi8dg77pqzcm040
32a6b31905c3        284794223/docker-com:part1   "python app.py"     3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes        80/tcp              getstartedlab_web.3.qeyugcp87euy0l6g0taaa70ho
6eabe10745db        284794223/docker-com:part1   "python app.py"     3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes        80/tcp              getstartedlab_web.1.l8hmq01l0japzvgwxj4x3xfje
0b2d7df335ad        284794223/docker-com:part1   "python app.py"     3 minutes ago       Up 3 minutes        80/tcp              getstartedlab_web.5.92gd50jd4zv07c2yxml613nmx

打开 http://localhost:4000 ,多刷新几次，会按照任务id,循环刷新

查看应用程序名

zldeMacBook-Air-5:celery_test zl$ docker stack ps getstartedlab
ID                  NAME                  IMAGE                        NODE                    DESIRED STATE       CURRENT STATE            ERROR               PORTS
l8hmq01l0jap        getstartedlab_web.1   284794223/docker-com:part1   linuxkit-025000000001   Running             Running 10 minutes ago                       
w8ttti8a2yvi        getstartedlab_web.2   284794223/docker-com:part1   linuxkit-025000000001   Running             Running 10 minutes ago                       
qeyugcp87euy        getstartedlab_web.3   284794223/docker-com:part1   linuxkit-025000000001   Running             Running 10 minutes ago                       
o65p8ajedy4q        getstartedlab_web.4   284794223/docker-com:part1   linuxkit-025000000001   Running             Running 10 minutes ago                       
92gd50jd4zv0        getstartedlab_web.5   284794223/docker-com:part1   linuxkit-025000000001   Running             Running 10 minutes ago

3.5 如果修改了docker-compose.yml里面的内容，直接重新deploy

docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml getstartedlab

Docker执行就地更新，无需首先拆除堆栈或杀死任何容器。

将应用程序关闭
docker stack rm getstartedlab

将群关闭
docker swarm leave --force

四群集 Swarms

4.1 安装VirtualBox
4.2 docker-machine使用VirtualBox驱动程序创建几个VM（虚拟机）

docker-machine create --driver virtualbox myvm1
docker-machine create --driver virtualbox myvm2

查看虚拟机ip地址
$ docker-machine ls
NAME    ACTIVE   DRIVER       STATE     URL                         SWARM   DOCKER        ERRORS
myvm1   -        virtualbox   Running   tcp://192.168.99.100:2376           v17.06.2-ce
myvm2   -        virtualbox   Running   tcp://192.168.99.101:2376           v17.06.2-ce

重新启动虚拟机
docker-machine start myvm1

4.3 初始化SWARM并添加节点
第一台机器充当管理器，它执行管理命令并验证工人加入群，第二台是工人

docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker swarm init --advertise-addr <myvm1 ip>"

例如：
zldeMacBook-Air-5:celery_test zl$ docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker swarm init --advertise-addr 192.168.99.100:2377"
Swarm initialized: current node (27hhgfhiapmblns92bdq1lrw2) is now a manager.

To add a worker to this swarm, run the following command:

    docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-5rkujt8zszmcys6u6i9rtrbr4q6g3k1376illqcwun0ayned95-2iu0aiurmi6v845cjxh0pvtxl 192.168.99.100:2377

To add a manager to this swarm, run 'docker swarm join-token manager' and follow the instructions.

2377是群集管理端口。docker-machine ssh以myvm2 将新群组作为工作者加入

$ docker-machine ssh myvm2 "docker swarm join --token <token> <ip>:2377"

zldeMacBook-Air-5:celery_test zl$ docker-machine ssh myvm2 "docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-5rkujt8zszmcys6u6i9rtrbr4q6g3k1376illqcwun0ayned95-2iu0aiurmi6v845cjxh0pvtxl 192.168.99.100:2377"
This node joined a swarm as a worker.

这样已经创建了第一个群，查看此群中的节点

zldeMacBook-Air-5:celery_test zl$ docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker node ls"
ID                            HOSTNAME            STATUS              AVAILABILITY        MANAGER STATUS      ENGINE VERSION
27hhgfhiapmblns92bdq1lrw2 *   myvm1               Ready               Active              Leader              18.09.2
mpt3sba1mefhue6krgeffg7hp     myvm2               Ready               Active                                  18.09.2

4.4 群集上部署您的应用程序

zldeMacBook-Air-5:celery_test zl$ docker-machine env myvm1
export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY="1"
export DOCKER_HOST="tcp://192.168.99.100:2376"
export DOCKER_CERT_PATH="/Users/zl/.docker/machine/machines/myvm1"
export DOCKER_MACHINE_NAME="myvm1"
# Run this command to configure your shell: 
# eval $(docker-machine env myvm1)

运行给定命令以配置要与之通信的shell
zldeMacBook-Air-5:celery_test zl$ eval $(docker-machine env myvm1)
zldeMacBook-Air-5:celery_test zl$ docker-machine ls
NAME    ACTIVE   DRIVER       STATE     URL                         SWARM   DOCKER     ERRORS
myvm1   *        virtualbox   Running   tcp://192.168.99.100:2376           v18.09.2   
myvm2   -        virtualbox   Running   tcp://192.168.99.101:2376           v18.09.2

4.5 在swarm管理器上部署应用程序

docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml getstartedlab

应用程序部署在一个群集中！

zldeMacBook-Air-5:celery_test zl$ docker stack ps getstartedlab
ID                  NAME                  IMAGE                        NODE                DESIRED STATE       CURRENT STATE              ERROR               PORTS
zncq2tfprafa        getstartedlab_web.1   284794223/docker-com:part1   myvm2               Running             Preparing 51 seconds ago                       
mh7khank14f0        getstartedlab_web.2   284794223/docker-com:part1   myvm1               Running             Preparing 51 seconds ago                       
ufo2rv5gr9gs        getstartedlab_web.3   284794223/docker-com:part1   myvm2               Running             Preparing 51 seconds ago                       
kp4rud24d8xb        getstartedlab_web.4   284794223/docker-com:part1   myvm1               Running             Preparing 51 seconds ago                       
nun4umxcayfz        getstartedlab_web.5   284794223/docker-com:part1   myvm2               Running             Preparing 51 seconds ago

访问群集 http://192.168.99.101:4000/ 或者 http://192.168.99.100:4000/

清理应用
docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker stack rm getstartedlab"

如果想让工作节点脱离swarm集群
docker-machine ssh myvm2 "docker swarm leave"

如果关闭管理节点
docker-machine ssh myvm1 "docker swarm leave --force"

五堆栈

5.1 重新部署yml文件,并且重新启动

version: "3"
services:
  web:
    # replace username/repo:tag with your name and image details
    image: 284794223/docker-com:part1
    deploy:
      replicas: 5
      restart_policy:
        condition: on-failure
      resources:
        limits:
          cpus: "0.1"
          memory: 50M
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    networks:
      - webnet
  visualizer:
    image: dockersamples/visualizer:stable
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    volumes:
      - "/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock"
    deploy:
      placement:
        constraints: [node.role == manager]
    networks:
      - webnet
networks:
  webnet:

重启
zldeMacBook-Air-5:celery_test zl$ docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml getstartedlab
Updating service getstartedlab_web (id: y2nju7rfxtjmyn8zj1138wd02)
Creating service getstartedlab_visualizer

访问visualizer：http://192.168.99.101:8080/ 可以看到所有的服务都在上面
接下来添加redis服务，修改conpose文件

version: "3"
services:
  web:
    # replace username/repo:tag with your name and image details
    image: username/repo:tag
    deploy:
      replicas: 5
      restart_policy:
        condition: on-failure
      resources:
        limits:
          cpus: "0.1"
          memory: 50M
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    networks:
      - webnet
  visualizer:
    image: dockersamples/visualizer:stable
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    volumes:
      - "/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock"
    deploy:
      placement:
        constraints: [node.role == manager]
    networks:
      - webnet
  redis:
    image: redis
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    volumes:
      - "/home/docker/data:/data"
    deploy:
      placement:
        constraints: [node.role == manager]
    command: redis-server --appendonly yes
    networks:
      - webnet
networks:
  webnet:

创建一个存储数据的目录,并且重新部署

appledeMacBook-Air-92:celery_test zl$ docker-machine ssh myvm1 "mkdir ./data"
appledeMacBook-Air-92:celery_test zl$ docker stack deploy -c docker-compose.yml getstartedlab
Creating service getstartedlab_redis
Updating service getstartedlab_web (id: sjjsaahnixwrnlu6sp1tu8n3v)
Updating service getstartedlab_visualizer (id: xiwmyngfvxj828fahszzcaa7g)

访问： http://192.168.99.102/ 可以看见Visits变了
访问：http://192.168.99.101:8080/ 可以看见多了一个redis服务

比利时署球

关注

1
点赞
踩
0

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
Docker学习进程（二）

以下按照官网教程一步一步操作学习docker常用命令：删除所有容器docker rm `docker ps -a -q`查看所有容器docker container ls --all停止单个容器docker container stop 容器id删除所有镜像docker rmi `docker images -q`删除单个镜像docker rmi 镜像id一 D...
复制链接

扫一扫