文本处理-正则表达式练习

1、显示/proc/meminfo文件中以大小s开头的行(要求：使用两种方法)

[root@centos7 ~]#grep "^\(s\|S\).*" /proc/meminfo 
[root@centos7 ~]#grep "^[sS].*" /proc/meminfo 
[root@centos7 ~]#grep -i "^s.*" /proc/meminfo

[root@centos7 ~]#sed -n '/^[s|S]/p' /proc/meminfo
SwapCached:            0 kB
SwapTotal:       4194300 kB
SwapFree:        4194300 kB
Shmem:             11180 kB
Slab:             392420 kB
SReclaimable:     292556 kB
SUnreclaim:        99864 kB

2、显示/etc/passwd文件中不以/bin/bash结尾的行

[root@centos7 ~]#grep -v  ".*/bin/bash$" /etc/passwd 


[root@centos7 ~]#sed -n '/\/bin\/bash$/!p' /etc/passwd
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

3、显示用户rpc默认的shell程序

[root@centos7 ~]#getent passwd rpc |grep -o "[[:alnum:]/]\+$"
[root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/passwd | grep "^\(\<rpc\>\)" |grep -o "[[:alnum:]/]\+$"
/sbin/nologin

[root@centos7 ~]#sed -n '/\brpc\b/p' /etc/passwd
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
[root@centos7 ~]#sed -n '/\brpc\b/p' /etc/passwd | sed -r 's@.*:(.*)$@\1@'
/sbin/nologin

4、找出/etc/passwd中的两位或三位数

[root@centos7 ~]#grep -o ":[0-9]\{2,3\}:" /etc/passwd |grep -o "[0-9]\{2,3\}"
[root@centos7 data]#grep -Ewo "[0-9]{2,3}" /etc/passwd
[root@centos7 data]#grep -Eoc "\b[0-9]{2,3}\b" /etc/passwd

5、显示CentOS7的/etc/grub2.cfg文件中，至少以一个空白字符开头的且后面有非空白字符的行

[root@centos7 ~]#egrep "^[[:space:]]+[^[:space:]]+" /etc/grub2.cfg

[root@centos7 ~]#sed -n '/^[[:space:]]\+[^[:space:]]\+/p' /etc/grub2.cfg

6、找出“netstat -tan” 命令结果中以LISTEN后跟任意多个空白字符结尾的行

[root@centos7 data]#netstat -tan |grep "LISTEN[[:blank:]]*"

[root@centos7 ~]#netstat -tan |  sed -n '/LISTEN[[:space:]]*$/p'
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:50897           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::50928                :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN

7、显示CentOS7上所有系统用户的用户名和UID

[root@centos7 data]#cat  /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1,3 |tr -s ":" " "

8、添加用户bash、 testbash、 basher、 sh、 nologin(其shell为/sbin/nologin),找出/etc/passwd用户名和shell同名的行

[root@centos7 root2018-07-28]#grep "^\(\<.*\>\):.*\1$" /etc/passwd

[root@centos7 ~]#sed -n '/^\b\(.*\)\b:.*\1$/p' /etc/passwd
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
bash:x:2004:2006::/home/bash:/bin/bash

9、利用df和grep，取出磁盘各分区利用率，并从大到小排序

[root@centos7 data]#df |grep sd |grep -o "[[:digit:]]\{1,3\}%" |grep -o "[0-9]\{1,3\}" | sort -nr

1、显示三个用户root、 mage、 wang的UID和默认shell

[root@centos7 data]#grep -Ew "^(root|wang|mage)" /etc/passwd |cut -d: -f1,7

2、找出/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions文件中行首为某单词(包括下划线)后面跟一个小括号的行

[root@centos7 ~]#egrep  "^\b.*\b[[:space:]]*\(\)" /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

3、使用egrep取出/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions中其基名

[root@centos7 data]#echo "/etc/rc.d/functions" |egrep -o "[^/.*]+$"

echo "/etc/rc.d/functions" |egrep -o "\b[^/]*+/?$"

[root@centos7 ~]#echo "/etc/rc.d/functions/" |egrep -o "[^/]+(|/)$"|egrep -o  "[^/]+"

4、使用egrep取出上面路径的目录名

[root@centos7 data]#echo "/etc/rc.d/functions" |egrep -o  "^/.*/" |egrep -o "^/.*[^/]"

[root@centos7 data]#echo "/etc/rc.d/functions" |egrep -o ".*\<"

5、统计last命令中以root登录的每个主机IP地址登录次数

[root@centos7 data]#last |egrep "^\broot\b" |egrep -o "[[:digit:].]{7,15}" |sort | uniq -c

lastb 失败信息

6、利用扩展正则表达式分别表示0-9、 10-99、 100-199、 200-249、 250-255

[root@centos7 data]#cat num10.txt |egrep "^[0-9]$"

7、显示ifconfig命令结果中所有IPv4地址

8、将此字符串： welcome to magedu linux 中的每个字符去重并排序，重复次数多的排到前面

[root@centos7 data]#echo "welcome to magedu linux" |egrep -o "." |sort | uniq -c |sort -rn