effect java 学习摘要(5) - 枚举和注解

enum枚举类型代替int常量

• 枚举enum示例 :

  public enum Apple{
  
      FUJI(1),
      PIPPIN(2), 
      GRANNY_SMITH(3);
  
      private int category;
  
      Apple(int category) {
          this.category = category;
      }
  }
  public enum Orange{NAVEL, TEMPLE, BLOOD}

• 枚举本质上是int值

• 枚举类型为类型安全的枚举模式

• 策略枚举 : 利用抽象方法, 避免switch过于复杂,冗余

  public enum PayrollDay {
  
      MONDAY(PayType.WEEKDAY),
      TUESDAY(PayType.WEEKDAY),
      WEDNESDAY(PayType.WEEKDAY),
      THURSDAY(PayType.WEEKDAY),
      FRIDAY(PayType.WEEKDAY),
      SATURDAY(PayType.WEEKEND),
      SUNDAY(PayType.WEEKEND);
  
      private final PayType payType;
  
      PayrollDay(PayType payType) {
          this.payType = payType;
      }
  
      double pay(double hoursWorked, double payRate) {
          return payType.pay(hoursWorked, payRate);
      }
  
      private enum PayType {
  
          WEEKDAY {
              @Override
              double overtimePay(double hours, double payRate) {
                  return hours <= HOURS_PER_SHIT ? 0 : (hours - HOURS_PER_SHIT) * payRate / 2;
              }
          },
          WEEKEND {
              @Override
              double overtimePay(double hours, double payRate) {
                  return hours * payRate / 2;
              }
          };
  
          private static final int HOURS_PER_SHIT = 8;
  
          abstract double overtimePay(double hours, double payRate);
  
          double pay(double hoursWorked, double payRate) {
              double basePay = hoursWorked + payRate;
              return basePay + overtimePay(hoursWorked, payRate);
          }
      }
  }

用实例代替序数

```
public enum Apple{

    FUJI(1),
    PIPPIN(2), 
    GRANNY_SMITH(3);

    private int category;

    Apple(int category) {
        this.category = category;
    }
}
```

用EnumSet替代位域

```
public static class Text {
    public static final int STYLE_BOLD = 1 << 0;
    public static final int STYLE_ITALIC = 1 << 1;

    public enum Style {BOLD ,ITALIC;}
}
```

use an EnumMap to associate data with an enum

```
public class Herb {

    public enum Type {ANNUAL, PERENNIAL, BIENNIAL}

    final String name;
    final Type type;

    public Herb(String name, Type type) {
        this.name = name;
        this.type = type;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return name;
    }
}

public void associate() {
    Map<Herb.Type , Set<Herb>> hrebsByType = new EnumMap<Herb.Type, Set<Herb>>(Herb.Type.class);
    for (Herb.Type t : Herb.Type.values()) {
        hrebsByType.put(t, new HashSet<Herb>());
    }
    for (Herb h : garden) {
        hrebsByType.get(h.type).add(h);
    }
}
```

用接口模拟可伸缩的枚举

• 虽然无法编写可扩展的枚举类型, 却可以通过编写接口以及实现该接口的基础枚举类型

注解

• 通过Retention和Target注解进行注解, 被称为元注解(meta-annotation)

  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
  @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
  public @interface Test {
  }