Nested Classes(内部类)

使用内部类的好处

It is a way of logically grouping classes that are only used in one place: If a class is useful to only one other class, then it is logical to embed it in that class and keep the two together. Nesting such “helper classes” makes their package more streamlined.

It increases encapsulation: Consider two top-level classes, A and B, where B needs access to members of A that would otherwise be declared private. By hiding class B within class A, A’s members can be declared private and B can access them. In addition, B itself can be hidden from the outside world.

It can lead to more readable and maintainable code: Nesting small classes within top-level classes places the code closer to where it is used.

• 这是一种逻辑上分组只在一个地方使用的类的方法。如果一个类只在唯一的另一个类中使用，那么将两个类维护在一起是很合理的。嵌套”帮助类“能让项目的分包更加丝滑。
• 进一步加强了封装。思考以下场景，有两个顶类A和B，在B需要用到A的成员时应该让其私有化。通过将B写入A的内部，A的成员就可以声明成是私有的，而且B可以访问到，此外，对B本身来说，这样的处理方式也能让B与外界隔离。
• 代码会变得更加可读和易于维护。在顶层的类中嵌套小类可以让代码和使用的地方结合的更加紧密。

（英语四级，第二点好处的”that would otherwise be declared private“不知道怎么翻译）